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Futurists
a group of writers and artists from Milan, Italy, led by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Rejects anything that has to do with the past. Celebrated machines and new inventions that propel them into the future
“soft” for being mothers, caretakers, etc.
Futurists though women were
the workforce
With men in the war, women enter
masculine jobs(bus drivers, farming, milkmen)
Women started fulfilling
making machinery, providing supplies for soldiers
women participated in
Subservient to doctors
women served as nurses
being the caretaker
Women(being nurses) still fit the western view of
“doing their part”
Women working was seen as
Dorothy Lawrence
British Journalist
To write a story, disguised herself as a man to enlist in the war
Spent 10 days
Wrote a memoir
Treated as a potential spy when returned home (eventually dismissed case)
Maria Bochkareva
Formed miliary unit: Russian women’s battalion of death (over 300 members)
Going to partcipate in the war in Russia
1920:exceuted for firing this unit for subverting gender roles
Spirit of 1914
Sense of euphoria
Young men saw war as a way to prove their masculinity, travel, go on adventures
World War I Masculinity
Heroic identity
Otto Dix
World War I painting by
way to prove their masculinity, travel, go on adventures
Young men saw war as a
is disrupted by reality
During the war, idea of masculinity
paints personal experience on the battlefield
Otto Dix..
between men, women, older people(everyone)
National unity (spirit of 1914)
cheerful for the men in their lives
Media told women to be
sickle
the woman is holding a (soviet union image)
agricultural tool
a sickle is an
a hammer
the man is holding (soviet union image)
Soviet Union
the represents
to support a successful communist society
the hammer and the sickle represent the collective work necessary (both agricultural and cultural)
were both essential and necessary to supporting the state
it represents how both men and women(soviet union image)
