BIO Proteins and Nucleic Acids

how much dry mass does proteins account for

more than 50%

what molecule has functions including structural support, storage. transport. cellular communciations, movement, and defense

proteins

what protein’s function is selective acceleration of chemical reactions

enzymatic proteins

what protein’s function is storage of amino acids

storage proteins

what is the protein of milk and a major important amino acid for baby mammals

casein

what protein’s function is coordination of an organism’s activites

hormonal proteins

what is a hormone

chemical messenger

True or False: hormones circulate the entire body but only influence specific cells

True

what protein’s function is movement

contractile and motor proteins

what proteins are responsible for the undulations of cilia and flagella

motor proteins

what proteins are responsible for the contraction of muscles

actin and myosin proteins

what protein’s function is protection against disease

defensive proteins

what protein’s function is transport of substances

transport proteins

what protein is this

transport protein

what protein’s function is the response of cell to chemical stimuli

receptor protein

what protein’s function is support

structural proteins

what is the protein of hair, horns, feathers, and other skin appendages

keratin

polymers built from the same set of 20 amino acids

polypeptides

what is a biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides

protein

monomer of protein

amino acid

polymer of protein

polypeptide

true or false: all proteins are polypeptides but not all polypeptides are proteins

true

what functional groups are in an amino acid

carboxyl and amino

what is a functional protein

a protein that consists of one or more polypeptides precisely twisted, folded, and coiled into a unique shape

primary structure of a protein

its unique sequence of amino acids

secondary structure of protein

consists of coils and folds in the polypeptide chain

tertiary structure in proteins

protein’s 3D shape

quaternary structure in protein

results when a protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains

what is primary structure determined by

DNA

what basic shapes form secondayr structure

alpha (helix) and beta (pleated sheet)

what can cause a protein to unravel

alterations in pH, salt concentration, temp, or other environmental factors

what is the loss of a protein’s shape called

denaturation

what is unique about a denatured protein

it is biologically inactive

what disease is associated with a change in primary structure

sickle-cell disease

what diseases are associated with misfolded proteins

Alzheimer’s, Parkison’s, and mad cow disease

what are the two types of nucleic acid

deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid

what are chromosomes made of

DNA

what does DNA carry

instructions for making RNA

what does RNA carry

instructions for making proteins

what monomers are present in nucleic acids

nucleotides

what are the three parts to a nucleotide

nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups

what nitrogenous bases are present in DNA

C, T, A, G

what nitrogenous bases are present in RNA

C, U, A, G

what are the two types of sugars in nucleic acids

deoxyribose and ribose

what is the purple label

actin

what is the blue label

myosin

what is this

transport protein

what is this

receptor protein

what is this

glycine

what is this

proline

what is this

cysteine

what is this

glutamic acid

what is this

tryptophan

what is this an example of?

primary structure

what is this an example of?

secondary structure

what is this an example of?

tertiary structure

what is this

cytosine

what is this

thymine

what is this

uracil

what is this

adenine

what is this

guanine

what is this

deoxyribose

what is this

ribose