Regenerative Anemia

The degree of _______ correlates with absolute reticulocytosis

polychromasia/polychromatophils

What are nuclear remnants within an erythrocyte?

Howell-Jolly bodies

What is the variation in erythrocyte size?

anisocytosis

What is commonly observed in ruminants with regenerative anemias?

basophilic stripping

Given a normal plasma color and hypoproteinemia, what is likely present?

hemorrhagic anemia

Given the icteric/hemolyzed plasma color and TP that is WRI, what is likely?

hemolytic anemia (bonus: both intra and extravacular)

The presence of a regenerative anemia with spherocytosis indicates what?

IMHA

Ghost erythrocytes are pathognomonic for what?

intravascular hemolysis (excluding in vitro effect)

What is a rubricyte?

immature RBC

What is rubricytosis?

increase in immature RBC in circulation

What poikilocyte or RBC inclusion is associated with fragmentation?

spherocytes, acanthocytes, keratocytes, schistocytes

What poikilocyte or RBC inclusion is associated with IMHA?

spherocytes

What poikilocyte or RBC inclusion is associated with oxidant injury?

heinz bodies and eccentrocytes

What is the most common cause of anemia in domestic animals?

inflammatory disease

What anemia disease has decreased erythropoietin production as its major mechanism?

chronic renal disease

In patients with myelophthisis, what is suspected on CBC?

bicytopenia/pancytopenia

What are two diseases associated with mild non-regenerative anemias?

endocrine disease; hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism

True or False: Precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia is classically associated with hemolysis.

False

What are the RBC indices of a non-regenerative anemia?

normocytic, normochromic

What are the RBC indices of a regenerative anemia?

macrocytic, hypochromic

What are the RBC indices of an iron deficiency anemia?

microcytic, hypochromic

True or False: Hyperchromasia is always an artifact.

True

What are the compensatory responses of anemia?

decreased O2 affinity of Hb and increased erythropoiesis

Why do pre-regenerative anemias appear non-regenerative?

bone marrow response to anemia takes 3-5 days

How do you evaluate for regeneration qualitatively?

anisocytosis, polychromasia, howell-jolly bodies, nucleated RBCs, basophilic stripping

What is hemorrhagic anemia?

any cause of blood loss causes hypoproteinemia (unless chronic); normal plasma appearance and blood smear is unrewarding

What is hemolytic anemia?

icteric or hemolyzed anemia, hyperbilirubinemia; blood smear is helpful

What kind of blood loss is associated with hemorrhage?

any cause, external and/or internal blood loss

What is known to be caused by chronic external blood loss?

iron deficiency anemia

What are the CBC findings for iron deficiency anemia?

microcytosis, hypochromasia, codocytes, schistocytes, thrombocytosis can be seen as well

What is hemolysis?

premature destruction of mature RBCs

What are the two forms of hemolysis?

extravascular and intravascular

What erythroparasitism is known to have an epicellular attachment?

mycoplasma

What erythroparasitism is known to have an intracellular invasion?

babesia, anaplasma