Lecture #1 - Genetics & Chromosomes

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 17

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

18 Terms

1

Genes

Sections of DNA(sequence of nucleotide bases) that code for a specific protein (sequence of amino acids) and are expresssed as our phenotypes.

New cards
2

Alleles

Different forms of a gene- aka- different coding for a gene. For example, there are different alleles for hair genes such as curly vs straight hair.

New cards
3

chromosomes

packed doubled-stranded DNA that is located in the nucleus.

Made up of a double-stranded DNA + histones.

<p>packed doubled-stranded DNA that is located in the nucleus.<br><br>Made up of a double-stranded DNA + histones.</p>
New cards
4

histone purpose

helps close, compactify, and organize DNA

New cards
5

autosomes vs sex chromosomes

Autosomes = 22 pairs, 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Male = XY (determines sex of offspring). Female = XX

<p>Autosomes = 22 pairs, 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Male = XY (determines sex of offspring). Female = XX</p>
New cards
6

homologous chromosomes (homologs)

in a diploid organism, chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and gene content

-they can carry same sequence of genes(same loci) BUT they may be differen allels

-23 chromosomes from each parent from homologous chromosomes

New cards
7

centromeres

divides chromosome/chromatid into arms

<p>divides chromosome/chromatid into arms</p>
New cards
8

locus (loci - plural)

the physical location of a gene on a chromosome

New cards
9

Ploidy

number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

(how many of the same chromosomes are in the cell?)

New cards
10

Haploid

Only 1 of each chromosome in each cell

-joined sister chromatids = 1 chromosome

<p>Only 1 of each chromosome in each cell<br><br>-joined sister chromatids = 1 chromosome</p>
New cards
11

Diploid

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

<p>containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.</p>
New cards
12

Polyploid

condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes

-eg. down syndrome or different animals

<p>condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes<br><br>-eg. down syndrome or different animals</p>
New cards
13

haploid number

Number of unique chromosomes in a gamate (sex cell), represented by n

(ploidy #)n = total chromosomes

New cards
14

unreplicated vs. replicated chromosome

Unreplicated = single molecule of double-stranded DNA, aka chromatid

Replicated = 2 identical chromatids (sister chromatids) with identical DNA

<p>Unreplicated = single molecule of double-stranded DNA, aka chromatid <br><br>Replicated = 2 identical chromatids (sister chromatids) with identical DNA</p>
New cards
15

homologous chromosomes vs. sister chromatids

Homologous = same length/size/centromere but DIFFERENT ALLELES

sister = same length/size/centrmere with EXACT SAME ALLELES (DNA)

New cards
16

number of DNA molecules vs chromosome number

1 chromosome = 2 DNA molecules

New cards
17

ploidy versus haploid number

Ploidy = How many replicates of unique chromosomes

Haploid = How many uniques chromosomes

New cards
18

Heterozygous vs. Homozygous

Heterozygous - Two different alleles (Aa)
Homozygous - Two same alleles (AA or aa)

<p>Heterozygous - Two different alleles (Aa)<br>Homozygous - Two same alleles (AA or aa)</p>
New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
899 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 32 people
794 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
28 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 103 people
856 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
761 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
693 days ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 39 people
953 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
776 days ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (33)
studied byStudied by 3 people
792 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (62)
studied byStudied by 5 people
765 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 10 people
56 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 5 people
171 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 115 people
507 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 12 people
468 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 2 people
661 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 38 people
8 days ago
5.0(1)
robot