ISA Certified Arborist Exam

Chlorophyll

Makes the color or the leaves green so photosynthesis can take place

Transpiration

loss of water vapor from leaves

Bark

protects branches & trunk of tree from injury

Excurrent Growth

Orientation of growth in external cell

M.A.D.HORSE

Opposite leaf arrangement

MAPLE

ASH

DOGWOOD

HORSECHESTNUT

pH

Measure of acidity or alkaline from 0 to 14

7 Neutral

Decurrent Growth

rounded or broader tree growth

Deciduous

loss of leaves in the fall

Respiration

process of converting food into energy

Stomata

pours in leaves that open and close to allow for water transportation

Xylem

transportation for the water and minerals throughout the tree

Phloem

Conducts Carbohydrates

Osmosis

Process how water enters roots

Organic Matter

organic components that are decaying matter to help increase water holding & nutrients to improve soil structure

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)

measure of soils capacity to attract, retain & exchange a positive charge

Girdling Roots

roots that grow across or around the trunk, potentially choking off vascular tissues in a tree. May cause decline or death

Taxonomy

Classification of plants

Levels of Classification

Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species > Specific epithet

Angiosperm

flowering plant

Gymnosperm

Cone bearing plants and gingco

Cultivar

Cultivated Variety for a tree/shrub

Monocot

one seed leaf

Drill Hole Method

aerates the soil 2-4 inches into ground around drip line and uses granular fertilizer.

Surface Application

applied fertilizer over surface using spreader

Apical Meristems

located at the end of the shoot

Apical Dominance

tendency for terminal buds to inhibit growth of lateral buds

CODIT

Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees or

4 Steps trees use to heal itself from decay

Photosynthesis

process that a tree/plant uses to create food/energy

Leaves

Food factories

Cambium

layer of cells located between the phloem & xylem

Urea-formalehyde

slow, soluble, synthetic fertilizer

Leaching

washing out of chemicals through soil

Organic Fertilization

organic materials that are carbon based that decompose slowly

Susceptible/Pest Resistant

cultivar selected to be adept from a disease or problem

Chlorosis

yellowing veins within the leaf from mineral loss

Fertilizer Analysis

the % listed on the container for the fert.

Complete Fertilizer

Nitro phosphorus & potassium listed (NPK)

Planting Specifications

detailed plans & statements for landscape

Evergreen

maintain leaves throughout the seasons

Mycorrhizae

fungus roots

Macropores

air filled soil

Rhizosphere

soil zone immediately surrounding roots

Field Capacity

soil after gravitational water has drained

Buffering Capacity

ability to maintain pH

Gravitational Water

water that drains from the macropores

Meristems

part of the root that gets it get bigger

Micropores

tend to be water filled soil particles

Clay

fine textured soil particles; greater water holding capability

Control of growth

genetic potentials & environmental surroundings

Root Pruning

pre-digging to create a more densely rooted ball

Sand

course textured particles

Nitrogen

component of chlorophyll & makes plant material grow faster/greener

Infiltration Rate

rate at which water soaks into soil

Water Holding Capacity

amount of water held in soil after drainage occures

Soil Testing

provides info about the pH of a soil & can tell you how much or how little fert. is needed

Acclimation

gradual process by which a tree changes in its environment

Slow Release Ferts

release nutrients & nitrogen slowly over a period of time into the soil

Nomenclature

naming of plants

Macronutrient

elements like copper, chlorine, boron required by trees in large quantities

Injections

introduces fert. directly into xylem of tree

Liquid Injection

hydraulic spraying method into soil

Hardiness

ability of a tree to withstand low temps & winter stress

Compartmentalization

natural process of defense in trees by which they wall off decay in wood

Co-dominate Stems

when 2 stems of the qual size arise from a union

Topping

cutting off the crown of a tree

Cations

elements dissolved into water that become positively charged particles

Dicotyledon

two seed leaves at germination