Angiosperm Lecture Notes

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Flashcards on Angiosperm Reproduction

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11 Terms

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Angiosperm

Vascular seed plants that have seeds enclosed in ovaries that mature into fruits.

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Flower

The part of the 2n sporophyte plant and has male and/or female organs.

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Development of Pollen Grains

Male 2n anthers contain 2n microsporangia which produce n microspores (by meiosis).

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Development of Female Gametophyte

One cell becomes the n megaspore that forms the reduced female n gametophyte (via mitosis).

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Pollination

A pollen grain lands on a carpel’s stigma and one n cell starts dividing to form a pollen tube that grows down the carpel’s style, through the micropyle opening of the carpel’s ovule. It discharges its two haploid sperm cells into the ovule.

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Double Fertilization

Occurs when 1st sperm fertilizes the egg & forms a 2n zygote and the 2nd sperm fuses with the 2 female polar nuclei & forms a 3n (triploid) cell that divides to becomes the 3n endosperm (cells will be food for the embryo).

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Seed Development

Zygote becomes embryo, ovule becomes seed, ovary becomes fruit Seedling germinates into full sporophyte.

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Fruit Development

Unlike gymnosperms, angiosperms have an ovary that develops into a fruit for seed dispersal by wind, water, or animals.

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Asexual or Vegetative Reproduction

Detached vegetative (= non‐floral or non‐reproductive) plant fragments can regrow into entire individuals that are genetically identical to the “donor” plant (i.e., clones).

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Prevention of Self Fertilization

Ensures “cross‐fertilization” between different parent plants to enhance genetic variability among offspring.

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Self Incompatibility

A plant can biochemically reject its own pollen.