Describe the anat+funct areas of cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

Cerebrum: Lobes

• Frontal

  • F: personality, planning, decision making, concentration, motor control, verbal communication

• Occipital

  • F: vision/visual area

• Parietal

  • F: general somatosensory (touch, temp, pain, pressure)

• Temporal

  • F: hearing and smell

• Insular

  • F: memory and sense of taste

Cerebrum: Functional Motor Areas

• primary motor cortex

  • L: precentral gyrus

  • F: skeletal muscle opposite side body

• motor speech: Broca’s Area

  • inferolateral left hemisphere

  • muscle for vocalization

• frontal eye field

  • L: surface middle frontal gyrus

  • F: regulate eye movements for reading/binocular vision

• premotor cortex

  • L: primary motor cortex

  • coordinates learned, skilled activities = muscle memory

Cerebrum: Functional Sensory Areas

• primary somatosensory cortex

  • L: post central gyrus parietal lobes

  • F: receive comatic sensory input proprioceptors (touch, pressure, pain, temp)

• somatosensory association

  • L: posterior to postcentral gyrus

  • F: integrate touch infor = id how objects feel

• primary visual cortex

  • L: occipital

  • F: receives, processes, store visual info

• visual association

  • L: surrounds visual cortex

  • F: integrate + interpret color, form = id/recognition of things

• primary auditory cortex

  • L: temporal lobe

  • F: integrate/interpret sounds

• primary olfactory cortex

  • L: temporal lobe

  • F: receives, processes, stores odor info

• primary gustatory cortex

  • L: insula

  • receives, processes, stores taste info

Cerebrum: Tracts

• Assocation: connect cerebral motor regions in same hemisphere

• Commissure: connection regions in different hemisphere (corpus callosum)

• Projection: connect cerebral cortex to inferior brain + spinal cord

Diencephalon: Parts

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

Diencephalon: Epithalamus

L: posterior root covers 3rd ventricle
F: pineal gland: melatonin, circadian rhythm

Diencephalon: Thalamus

L: oval gray matter lateral 3rd ventrical
F: receives signals from conscious censes (not olfactory) sends to appropriate cortex, filters out distracting stimuli

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus

L: anterior inferior
F: controls ANS, body temp, sleep/wake, food intake, water intake, emotional behavior (fight/flight)

Brainstem: Parts

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Brainstem: Midbrain

L: superior
F: carry voluntary motor control from primary motor cortex, substantia nigra: dopamine production, visual reflex/tracking, auditory reflex

Brainstem: Pons

L: anterior
F: regulate skm associated with breathing, sound localization, sensory and motor

Brainstem: Medulla Oblongata

L: inferior brainstem
F: autonomic functions: BV diameter, HR, breathing, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting, salivating, hiccupping

Cerebellum

3 parts
- cerebellar cortext: outer gray
- arbor vitae: inner white “tree of life”
- deep cerebellar nuclei: gray
F: fine tunes motor movements, muscle memory, regulates involuntary/voluntary motor pathways, maintains equilibrium and balance

Motor and Sensory Homunculus

distorted proportions of body reflect amount of cortext dedicated
sensory: large portion to lips, fingers, genitals
motor: large portion to hands and face

Cerebral lateralization

• hemisphere have different functions

• L = categorical, language, and analysis (logical)

• R = representational, visuospatial relationships, imagination, comparison of senses (creative)