DNA, Chromosomes, Cell Division

Flashcards based on DNA structure, chromosomes, genes, mitosis, and meiosis.

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic material passed from one generation to another.

A DNA molecule consists of what?

Two long, thin strands of complementary nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds.

In DNA, which bases pair together?

Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G).

Define a gene.

A section along the DNA strand that codes for a particular protein.

What is RNA?

A complementary copy of DNA made of ribonucleic acid that can leave the nucleus to make a protein.

How many chromosomes are in each cell in your body (except red blood cells)?

46

What is a chromosome made up of?

A single molecule of DNA.

__ is cell division that does not change the number of chromosomes.

Mitosis

What is Mitosis?

The division of the genetic material to produce two identical nuclei.

__ are sex cells (egg and sperm) that have half the genetic material of the parent cell.

Gametes

__ is the process of cell division that produces haploid gametes.

Meiosis

Two __ combine to produce the first diploid cell of a new organism.

Haploid gametes

Most of the cells in your body are __ (all except sperm and egg cells).

Somatic cells