NCHP infection control

herd immunity

the level of protection provided to unimmunized people when immunization rates are high among the rest of the population

chain of infection

• infectious agent

• reservoir

• portal of exit

• mode of transmission

• portal of entry

• hose

infectious agent

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa

reservoir

humans, animals, insects, food, soil, water

portal of exit & portal of entry

skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, blood, urinary tract

mode of transmission: direct

skin to skin

mode of transmission: indirect

through contaminated object/person (needles, soiled linen, bed, call bell, tables)

mode of transmission: droplets

expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking—approximately 6 feet

mode of transmission: airborne/aerosol

extremely tiny airborne bacteria, which may be suspended in the air for an extended period of time

mode of transmission: vehicle

utensils, food

mode of transmission: vector

mosquito, tick, flea

susecpitbility of host

• low resistance

• poor nurtrition

• chronic disease

• post-surgical or post trauma

• smoker

• bosy’s white blood cells

• stress

• use of invasive or indwelling medical devices

BEST INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICE

WASH HANDS and WEAR GLOVES !!

infection control practices

• wipe down all equiptment in the room

  • bedside tables

  • bedrails

  • keyboards

  • bp cuffs

  • stethoscopes

• keep the room free of clutter, old food, newspaper

• WASH HANDS

• WEAR GLOVES

communicable disease

a disease that spreads from person to person

• contagious or infectious

careless use of infection control

• pathogens being carried from one patient to another

• transmit pathogens on your hands, clothes, shoes, or equiptment to patients

Healthcare associated infection (HAI)

infection that develops 48 to 72 hours after admission to a health care facility

• RESULTS from the delivery of health servicesin a health care agency

• invasive procedures

• breaks in infection prevention and control activities

• patients with multiple comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic heart failure or other chronic illnesses

• overuse or incorrect use of antibiotics

normal white blood cell count

5,000-10,000 mm3

normal ethrocyte sedimentation rate

women 0-29 mm/hr

men 0-22 mm/hr

handwashing

single most important method of preventing the spread of infection in any type of health care setting

hand hygiene

when hands are visibly dirty, contaminated, or soiled, wash with antimicrobacterial soap and water (15-20 seconds PER THE CDC)

if hands are not visibly soiled

use alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains 60% alcohol to clean hands. FOR C. DIFF, do not use alcohol based hand

transmission based precaution

• contact precautions

• droplet precautions

• airborne precautions

• reverse isolation precautions

standard precaution safety concerns

• all individuals are considered potentially infectiois

• all used needles, instruments, and other sharps are considered contaminated

• should be followed routinely will all patients

when should you handwash?

every time you enter and exit a patient’s room in the hospital

PPE

used consistently, conscientiously, and correctly

• NEVER leave a patient’s room and walk to another room or in the hallway wearing the same ___ you wore in another patient’s room

Transmission precautions: contact

• stop the spread of bacteria via direct touch and indirect touch

• gloves and gown must be work when making contact with the patient’s skin or with objects that have been in direct contact with the patient

• patient must have their own thermometer, disposable stethoscope, and B/P cuff

• NOO lab coats, cimputers, or charts in the room

transmission precautions: droplets

protects nurses, visitors, and other patients from droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking

• maks worn when 3-6 feet apart

• guidelines for trnasport

• PRIVATE ROOM, DOOR CLOSED

transmission precautions: airborne

• require use of repirator protection and a negative air pressure room

• N95 mask

• provides protection from extremely tiny airborne bacteria or dust particles, which may be suspended in the air for an extended period

reverse isolation

goal: avoid introducing microorganisms to the patient

• private room, no fresh fruits or flowers, no ill care givers

• careful handwashing when entering and exiting

• staff wears mask

psychological needs during isolation

• pt may feel unclean, rejected, lonely, or guilty

• make sure the room is clean and pleasant

• provide comfort measures

• improve patient’s sensory stimulation

patient teaching for at home

• wash hands before preparing or eating food

• prepare foods at high enough temperatures

• use care with cutting boards and utensils

• keep food refrigerated

• wash raw fruits and vegetables

• use pasterized milk and fruit juices

• wash hands after using bathroom

• use individual care items

• wash ahnds after caring for sick