AP Biology: Properties of Water

adhesion

the attraction between different types of molecules. It occurs when molecules of one substance interacts with molecules of another substance,

cohesion

attraction between molecules of the same substance, which helps them stick together

capillary action

a liquid’s ability to flow in narrow spaces against gravity due to the intermolecular forces of adhesion and cohesion

dehydration synthesis

a chemical reaction where two molecules are joined together with the removal of a water molecule

Heat of Fusion

the amount of energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point

Heat of Vaporization

amount of energy required to convert a liquid to gas at its boiling point

Hydrogen bond

a weak to moderate attractive force between a hydrogen bond covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom and another electronegative atom

covalent bond

a chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons pairs between two atoms

polar covalent bond

a chemical bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, creating a molecule with partial positive and negative charges

Hydrolysis

a chemical reaction in which water breaks bonds between molecules, splitting them into smaller units

Hydroxide Ion (OH)

when a negatively charged ion is made up of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom

Polarity

distribution of electrical charges over the atoms joined by a bond. Polar molecules have regions of partial positive and negative charges .

Ex: Polarity allows water molecules to form weak electrical attractions with each other, creating hydrogen bonds.

Specific Heat Capacity

the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

Sphere of Hydration

a shell of water molecules surround an ion or polar molecule when it is dissolved in water

Surface tension

the cohesive surface of a liquid that make it behave like an elastic sheet

Monomer

a small molecule that can bond with other similar molecules to form a polymer

Polymer

a large molecule composed up of repeating subunits monomers

evaporation

liquid to gas

solute

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution

Calorie

a specific unit of measurement for energy, specifically the amount of heat required to raise the temp of one gram of water by one degree Celsius