Circular Motion

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44 Terms

1
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An object that revolves around a single axis undergoes

circular motion

2
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The line about which the rotation occurs is called the

axis of rotation

3
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When an object travels at a constant speed (equal distances in equal time intervals) along the circumference of a circle, the motion is called

uniform circular motion

4
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Tangential speed (vt) is the speed of the object moving along an imaginary line

tangent to the circular path

5
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When the tangential speed is constant, the motion is described as

uniform circular motion

6
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Tangential speed depends on the ... from the object to the center of the circular path.

distance

7
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The speed of the object (defined as the magnitude of the velocity) is a

constant

8
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The velocity vector of an object constantly

changes direction

9
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The acceleration of an object moving in a circular path and at constant speed is due to a

change in direction

10
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An acceleration of this nature is called a

centripetal acceleration

11
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What can be produced by a change in the magnitude of the velocity, a change in the direction of the velocity, or both.

acceleration

12
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the centripetal acceleration is always directed toward the ... of the path

center

13
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What can be found by squaring the tangential speed and dividing by the radius.

Centripetal Acceleration

14
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Centripetal Acceleration is due only to a change in...

direction

15
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A force that acts on an object moving in a circular path. It is directed toward the center around which the object is moving.

Centripetal Force

16
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Centripetal force is simply the name given to the net force on an object in

uniform circular motion

17
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What types of force or combination of forces can provide centripetal force?

force of friction, gravity, and normal

18
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What affects Centripetal motion to move in a straight line?

inertia

19
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The centripetal force that holds the planets in orbit is...

gravitational force

20
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orbiting objects are in

free fall

21
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Motion of an object affected only by gravity

Free fall

22
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Gravitational force depends on the ... between them

masses and distance

23
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Gravitational force exists between any ... masses, regardless of size

2

24
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The gravitational forces that two masses exert on each other are always

equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

25
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So why don't we feel how fast the Earth is moving?

The radius is so large that its acceleration is tiny

26
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Our bodies feel only a change in motion, so we don't feel the change in ... "as the world turns."

inertia

27
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Kepler's first law: Each planet travels in an elliptical orbit around the sun, and the sun is at one of the...

focal points

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Kepler's second law: An imaginary line drawn from the sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas in ...

equal time intervals

29
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Kepler's third Law: The square of a planet's orbital period is ... to the cube of the average distance between the planet and the sun.

proportional

30
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Thus, the planet travels ... when it is closer to the sun and ... when it is farther away.

faster, slower

31
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The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is .... to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun.

equal

32
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Kepler's third law is called the...

law of harmonies

33
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Kepler's third law leads to an equation for the ... of an object in a circular orbit and the ... of an object in a circular orbit

period, speed

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The ... of the planet/satellite that is in orbit does not affect the central object's speed or period.

mass

35
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The average radius (r) is the distance between the ...

centers of the two bodies

36
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a quality that measures the ability of a force to rotate an object around some axis. Parallel force to the direction of the movement

Torque

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Torque is a ..... quantity - has positive and negative directions: righty negative lefty positive

vector

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Units are Newton

Torque

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The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to a line drawn along the direction of the force

Lever arm

40
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The applied force may act at an angle; however, the direction of the lever arm is always ... to the direction of the applied force.

perpendicular

41
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The point at which the mass of an object is concentrated

Center of Mass

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The point from which an object can be suspended without moving in most cases the center of mass and center of gravity are equivalent

Center of gravity

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Sum of t= 0, no rotation

Balanced torque

44
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Occurs when the clockwise torques exactly balance the counterclockwise torques. The object can then balance on a pivot point (fulcrum) without moving

Rotational Equilibrium