ALTERATIONS OF CELL GROWTH

ALTERATIONS OF CELL GROWTH

Changes in the number and size of cells, their differentiation, and their arrangement may develop in response to physiologic stimuli.

Atrophy

refers to a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue, with a corresponding decrease in function.

Hypoplasia and aplasia

both involve failure of normal development, but differ in the degree of underdevelopment.

Dysplasia

is a loss in the uniformity of individual cells and their architectural orientation; it is typically associated with prolonged chronic irritation or inflammation.

The tissue change may persist and evolve into a totally abnormal growth pattern.

What may happen if an irritant is not removed from tissue experiencing abnormal change?

least potentially premalignant

dysplasia is generally considered at

a borderline lesion that may heal or progress to cancer.

least potentially premalignant

Hypertrophy

refers to an increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function.

hyperplasia

This must be distinguished from _, an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ.

1. Proliferation of granulation tissue in the repair of injury

2. Increased cellularity of bone marrow in patients with hemolytic anemia or after hemorrhage.

Examples of hyperplasia include: