Module 4: Content/Contextual Analysis of Primary Sources: Proclamation of Philippine Indepenedence

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the timeline of Philippine Independence, political cartoons of the American era, and analysis of Cory Aquino's speech.

Tejeros Convention

The meeting held on $\text{March 22, 1897}$ between Katipunan factions that resulted in the creation of a new revolutionary government.

Magdiwang and Magdalo

The two rival factions of the Katipunan that participated in the Tejeros Convention in San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite.

Biak na Bato Republic

The second revolutionary republican government led by Aguinaldo that was established on $\text{November 1, 1897}$.

Pact of Biak-na-Bato

The agreement signed on $\text{December 15, 1897}$ providing for the exile of Aguinaldo and his associates in exchange for monetary indemnity.

Commodore George Dewey

The leader of the U.S. Navy squadron who defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay on $\text{May 1, 1898}$.

Cavite el Viejo

The historical name for present-day Kawit, Cavite, where the Philippine Declaration of Independence was proclaimed.

June 12, 1898

The date when Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippines.

Acta de la Proclamación de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino

The document written by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista that served as the Philippine Declaration of Independence.

Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

The lawyer and first adviser to President Emilio Aguinaldo who wrote and read the Declaration of Independence.

University of Santo Tomas

The institution where Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista obtained his law degree in $\text{1865}$.

Fort Santiago

The prison where Bautista was held in $\text{1896}$ due to suspected involvement in the Philippine Revolution.

GOMBURZA

The three priests whose martyrdom was recognized by Emilio Aguinaldo during the independence proclamation.

Teodoro Agoncillo

The renowned historian who characterized the Philippine Revolution as an Agrarian Revolution.

Agrarian Revolution

The term used by historian Teodoro Agoncillo to describe the conflict as one driven by land and peasant crises.

Treaty of Paris

The agreement between the USA and Spain signed on $\text{December 10, 1898}$ that led to the end of Aguinaldo's short-lived government.

Alfred McCoy

The historian whose research into Philippine archives provided the background for the study of political cartoons during the American era.

Alfredo Roces

The co-author, alongside Alfred McCoy, of the book Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era $\text{1900-1941}$.

Dr. Santos

A politician from Tondo depicted in a $\text{1910}$ cartoon attempting to pass a hereditary crown to his brother-in-law.

Dr. Barcelona

The brother-in-law of Dr. Santos who was depicted in a satirical cartoon as receiving a public post as if it were a hereditary crown.

Political Dynasty

A system where families dominate politics at national and local levels, currently prohibited by the $\text{1987}$ Constitution.

Article II Section 26

The portion of the $\text{1987}$ Constitution stating that the State shall guarantee equal access to public service and prohibit political dynasties.

250

The number of political families identified as having dominated Philippine politics at the national and local levels.

$$56\%$$

The percentage of political dynasties in the Philippines that reportedly come from old political elites.

$$73/80$$

The number of provinces in the Philippines identified as having political dynasties.

188

The number of government positions held by political dynasties for over $\text{20}$ consecutive years, based on a $\text{2019}$ study.

Fernando Amorsolo

The famous Filipino artist who drew historical political cartoons such as War Against Speculator.

Juan de la Cruz

A symbolic figure wearing a salakot who represents the Filipino common man in editorial cartoons.

War Against Speculator

A cartoon depicting a child stealing a chicken while being pursued by police, used to critique the focus on small-time thieves versus big hoarders.

War on Drugs

The contemporary government campaign that a survey shows most Filipinos believe primarily kills poor people.

Amnesty International

The organization that reported on extrajudicial executions in the Philippines' War on Drugs with the statement 'If you are poor, you are killed'.

Colorum

A term referring to unauthorized or illegal public utility vehicles, often highlighted in historical commentaries on fatal accidents.

Patok

A specific style of jeepney mentioned in relation to reckless driving and the neglect of the LTO.

Flaming Youth

A cartoon title showing a cinema officer prohibiting couples from 'necking' and 'making love' in the theater.

Uncle Sam Riding A Chariot

A caricature showing Filipinos in school uniforms pulling Uncle Sam, who is carrying American cultural items like baseball bats and whiskey.

Colonial Mentality

The perception of ethnic and cultural inferiority and a form of internalized racial oppression resulting from colonial history.

Apat na espesyalidad ng insik

A racist satirical cartoon by Fernando Amorsolo published in Lipang Kalabaw regarding ingredients in Chinese food.

Lipang Kalabaw

The prewar satirical magazine where cartoons like Amorsolo's 'Apat na espesyalidad ng insik' were published.

SIO-MEOW

An urban legend mentioned in the text referring to siopao allegedly being made with cat meat.

$$8.6 \text{ billion}$$

The estimated net worth in U.S. dollars of Manuel Villar, listed as the richest person in the Philippines according to the provided graphic.

Corazon Aquino

The first female President of the Philippines who spoke before a joint session of the U.S. Congress in $\text{September 1986}$.

$$11$$

The number of times Corazon Aquino's speech before the U.S. Congress was interrupted by applause.

February 1986

The month the dictator Ferdinand Marcos was deposed during the EDSA Revolt.

$$26 \text{ billion}$$

The total amount of foreign debt dollars inherited from the Marcos administration mentioned in Cory Aquino's speech.

Senator Paul Laxalt

The U.S. official who advised Ferdinand Marcos to 'cut and cut cleanly,' leading to Marcos's flight to Hawaii.

President Ronald Reagan

The U.S. President who held a dialogue with Corazon Aquino regarding cooperation and friendship after the EDSA Revolt.

William Henry Scott

The historian responsible for exposing the Code of Kalantiaw as a historical hoax.

Jose E. Marco

The individual who provided the document that was later revealed to be the fraudulent Code of Kalantiaw.

Code of Kalantiaw

A mythical legal code long believed to be authentic until it was exposed as a hoax.

Maragtas

The epic story that included the fictional legal code attributed to Datu Kalantiaw.

Standing Ovation

The manner in which Corazon Aquino's speech before the U.S. Congress ended in $\text{1986}$.

$$2012$$

The year referenced in poverty incidence statistics for top provinces like Maguindanao and Apayao.

$$15$$

The number of senators in the $\text{15th}$ Congress who reportedly had relatives serving in elective positions.

Tondo

A northwest suburb of Manila where a great fire raged as rebels closed in on the city in $\text{June 1898}$.

Carabineros

Native soldiers mentioned in news reports who killed their Spanish officers and deserted during the insurgent assault on Manila.

Old Cavite

The location where General Aguinaldo held a large concourse of rebel chiefs to proclaim independence.

Soveriegnty

The right of the Philippine Islands to be free and independent from the colonial rule of Spain as declared in $\text{1898}$.

Communist Insurgency

A movement described by Corazon Aquino as the product of a repressive and corrupt government.

Self-determination

The principle commemorated during Philippine Independence celebrations, emphasizing the struggle for sovereignty.

La Propaganda

One of the reformist organizations to which Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista belonged.

1917

The year of an editorial cartoon by Fernando Amorsolo depicting Chinese industry overtaking the Pinoy in his own land.