PUBH 1101 - Quiz 4 (Sessions 13 to 16)

spoon theory

mental health

emotional, psychological, and social well-being

behavioral health

promote mental health, prevent substance misuse, and provide treatments and supports to foster recovery

mental health disorder

disorder, ranging from mild to severe, that affects a person’s thinking, mood, and/or behavior

Serious Mental Illness

mental illness that interferes with a person’s life and ability to function

Which race(s) have the highest prevalence of mental illness? (in adults)

Multi-racial, White

Are there treatment gaps for mental health disorders?

YES!

• Only 50% of adults with mental illness received treatment in past year.

• More than 40% of adolescents (12-17) did NOT receive treatment for major depressive episode in past year.

• Asian, Black, and Hispanic adults less likely than Multi-racial and Whites adults to receive treatment.

substance use

alc and/or drug use

substance disorder

problematic pattern of substance use (mild to severe)

how many drinks is binge drinking for women?

4+ drinks

how many drinks is binge drinking for men?

5+ drinks

prevention

education and support of individuals and communities to prevent the onset of disorders

harm reduction

mitigation of worse health outcomes among people with disorders

Treatment (esp for substance use disorders)

therapy, counseling, peer supports and/or medication; inpatient/outpatient/residential

Recovery

individuals improve their health and wellness, live self-directed lives, and strive to reach their full potential

What are the five main approaches to NCDs?

• Screening

• Risk-factor interventions

• Identify cost-effective treatments

• Genetics counseling and intervention

• Research

What is multiple risk factor reduction?

Under which of the following circumstances do we not screen for disease?

• for diseases that are rare (affecting 5% or less of population)

• for diseases that don't have curative, palliative, or treatment options

Which of the following are criteria for NCD screening?

• Early detection is possible and results in improved outcomes

• There is a feasible testing strategy

Lead-time bias occurs when a screening test produces false positives (T or F)

False

What is a constellation?

A group of risk factors that occur in a definable group of people

When assessing cost-effectiveness of an intervention, which do we assess first?

Net benefits

Which of the following combinations are possibly cost-effective?

Increased costs and increased effectiveness

Decreased costs and decreased effectiveness

Decreased costs and increased effectiveness

Which of the following is not a current use of genetic intervention for NCDs?

• Predicting disease risk based on genetic profiles

• Modifying genes to reduce risk

• Assessing how well a specific drug will work based on genetic sequences

• Identifying hereditary genetic conditions

Modifying genes to reduce risk

Research into NCD treatment includes which of the following?

• Managing long-term effects of treatments that create short-term benefits

• Understanding causes of complex diseases like dementia

• Identifying existing treatments that could be applied to complex conditions

• Developing new interventions for currently untreatable conditions

All of the above;

• Managing long-term effects of treatments that create short-term benefits

• Understanding causes of complex diseases like dementia

• Identifying existing treatments that could be applied to complex conditions

• Developing new interventions for currently untreatable conditions

lead-time bias

when the screening test detects a disease earlier than it would have been diagnosed without screening. This earlier detection might give the impression that individuals who are screened live longer with the disease, even if the screening does not actually improve their survival

cost-effective intervention

A treatment that examines both the costs and health outcomes of one or more interventions

• cost < country’s GDP

Which of the following must be true for screening to occur?

1. The disease causes significant death or disability

2. Screening is acceptable to the general public

3. Early detection of the disease improves outcomes

4. The screening provides treatment options for positive results

5. There is a practical testing strategy

1. The disease causes significant death or disability

2. Screening is acceptable to the general public

3. Early detection of the disease improves outcomes

   5. There is a practical testing strategy

What type (primary, secondary, tertiary) of intervention is screening?

secondary

What are the key components of cost effective treatments?

Benefits, cost, and harm

Genetic testing benefits

Positive: information about health risks, early detection, treatment options, family planning

Genetic testing ethical concerns

designer babies, negative impact on family relationships, emotional distress, limited information, increased risk to health in other aspects