industrialization

industrialization

industry/factory/machines

labor

workers

push factors

factors for leaving a place that are negative

-famine

-instability

-rise of capitalism

-political persecution

-religious persecution

pull factors

factors for leaving a place that are positive

-land

-job opportunities

-new lifestyle

-relatives

-freedom of speech

what happened when there were dips in the immigrant levels

-war(civil war)

-economic crises(panic of 1873)

2nd wave of immigration

1820-1870

800,000

mostly northern and western Europeans; some from Asia

“old immigrants”

3rd wave of immigrants

1880-1920

23,00,000 (largest wave)

mostly Southern & Eastern Europe; growing number from Asia

“new immigrants”

Immigrants in this wave were more likely to come from northern and western Europe

2nd wave of people because they came from UK and other areas surrounding

Immigrants in this wave came in record numbers

3rd wave had the biggest spike in levels

Immigrants in this wave were more likely to speak English

2nd wave came from areas where ing was more common like UK and Ireland

Immigrants in this wave were more likely to look like Native-born American (Whites)

2nd wave people in northern and western Europe were most likely to look native

Immigrants in this wave were more likely to be Protestant than Catholic, Jewish, or Eastern Orthodox

2nd wave people in UK Ireland and northern Ireland were more common to practice Catholicism

The larger percentage of women arrived during this wave of immigration.

3rd wave mostly in garment industries and mostly Irish women

Dream of immigration

-thought america/New York was unbelievable

-hoped to find a new beginning

-immigration made an industrial city

-98% made it through(Ellis Island)

why were people through for the checkpoints

made sure they were suitable for work

what was the reality of people were not able to make it past the checkpoints

-they had to leave everything behind

-were told to go back home, many did not have one to go back to

-criminals, people w/ disease or sick had to turn back

conditions of journey across Atlantic

in a steamship that holds 1,200-2000 for 8-14 days. It was very crammed and many were starved and there were many contagious conditions aboard.

What was the arrival process when getting in at Ellis island

75% of all Americans entered through Ellis Island in New York

Many immigrants spent several hours, sometimes days processing at Ellis Island

Thousands of immigrants were processed everyday through Ellis Island

Every passenger was given a number that corresponded to their name and pinned to their clothes

location and basics on Angel Island

Located on the West Coast

mostly immigrants from Asia

Opened in 1910*

Goal was to send back

2 – 3 week detention

175,000 immigrants passed through

location and basics on Ellis Island

Located on the East Coast

mostly immigrants from Europe

Opened in 1892*

Goal was to admit

3 – 5 hour detention

12 million immigrants passed through

opinion for many immigrating to the US

even though the journey was hard, ultimately what lied on the other side was worth it

what did the legal inspections consist of?

Hall held as many as 5,000 people at a time.

Waited 45 min-hour to be questioned by immigration agents

Confirm answers given on boat

32 questions to determine reason coming to America(do you have money with you? Are you joining a relative?)

Names were often recorded incorrectly due to language barriers

some immigrants that came into Ellis island said what about the process

Many immigrants remembered their experiences at Ellis Island as one of the worst times of their lives.  It was very stressful. US officials, detained 20% but only 2% were sent back.

melting pot

when peoples from various cultures come to America and contribute aspects of their culture to create a new, unique American culture. The  contributions from many cultures are indistinguishable from one another… they “melt” together.

salad bowl

when newly arrived immigrants do not lose the unique aspects of their cultures like in the melting pot model

second wave of people

farmers because machines took the farmers job

rich conditions

nice houses, good quality food, and sanitary and clean

poor conditions

crowded, many disease spread, poor ventilation, and unsanitary pollution (government was laissez faire)

who was Jacob Riis and what did he do

he was an immigrant from Denmark. he became a police reporter and saw the streets that were filled with crime and it was very unsanitary. Because of this his he chose, over the next year to take pictures of the poorest neighborhoods to emphasis what life was like on the other side of things.

Andrew carnagie

became a industrialist and was in the steel business. he made a mass of fortune and then became a major philanthropists and write the gospel of wealth, saying that the rich have a moral obligation to distribute their money to promote the welfare and happiness of the common man.he donated to churches and many libraries and promoted the growth in research in science and education. considered more of a captain of industry

Cornelius Vanderbilt

became an industrialist in the industry of steamships and railroads. he did not become a major philanthropist and his only major donation was when he gave 1 million to build a university. he is seen as more of a robber baron

John D. Rockefeller

became an industrialist in the industry of oil. he became the worlds wealthiest men and a major philanthropists. he followed in Carnegie’’s footsteps in believing to distribute each others wealth. but he is definitely seen as a robber baron because of the monopoly he created.the government was lazizess faire.

JP morgan

john became a industrialist in the industry of banking. he helped finance everything and was seen as a robber baron because of how he was very aggressive and he consolidated monopolies. he aided the US in avoiding many economic crisises and loaned the US money to help the government becuase they did not have a central bank. people said that he had too much power and and could manipulate the system for his own gain.

quota

a fixed limit on the quantity of something (goods, people, tasks) allowed or required