Ch3 pathology

Primary function of the respiratory system

Intake of oxygen and removal of Carbon dioxide from the blood

What are the smallest functional unit of the respiratory system

Alveoli

Where does gas change occur

In the alveoli

What is located in the upper respiratory tract

Nose

Mouth

Pharynx

Larynx

What is located in the lower respiratory tract

Trachea

bronchi

alveoli

lungs

What does the thoracic cavity consist of

Right pleural cavity

Left pleural cavity

Mediastinum

Anterior portion of thoracic cavity contains

Thyroid

Thymus glands

Posterior portion of thoracic cavity contains

Descending aorta

Spine

Middle portion of thoracic cavity contains the

Heart

Great vessels

Esophagus

Trachea

What is the frequently performed exam

Chest X-ray

Where is an endotracheal tube placed

Inserted in nose/mouth

What does an endotracheal tube do

Manages patients airway

Allows suctioning

Allows mechanical ventilation

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by what

Secretion of excessively viscous mucus by all the exorcise glands.

Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal genetic disease in who

White children

What is hyaline membrane disease caused by

Lack of surfactant in immature lungs

How to tell if someone has atelectasis

What is a primarily viral infection of young children that produces inflammatory obstructive swelling localized to the subglottic portion of the trachea

Croup

Eppigotitis is most commonly caused by what disease

Haemophilis influenza

What does epiglottis cause

Thickening of epiglottic tissue and surrounding pharyngeal structures

What is the most frequent type of lung infection

Pneumonia

Pneumonia produces what three radiographic patterns

Alveolar, or air space, pneumonia

Bronchopneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

The alveolar pneumococcal pneumonia appears as what on X-ray

Lung appears solid

Bronchopneumonia staph infection appears how on X-ray

Small patches of consolidation

Interstitial pneumonia , viral mycoplasma infection appears how on X-ray

Linear or rectangle pattern

Necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent (puslike) material

Lung abscess

Appearance of lung abscess

Air fluid levels

Fluid within encapsulated opaque mass

Tuberculosis is caused by what infection

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

How does TB spread

Droplets in the air

TB creates what structures/patterns seen on an X-ray

Lesions that result in necrosis

scarring and calcification

What position is used to diagnose TB

Lordotic position

Pulmonary mycosis is a fungal infection of the

Lungs

Most common systemic fungal infections in North America are

Histoplasmosis

Coccidiodomycosis

Histoplasmosis appears similar to what

Tuberculosis

Fungus found in soil, on plants, and in decaying matter, as well as in household dust and building materials

Aspergillosis

How does RSV spread

Via droplets from nose and mouth that can persist for many hours

Covid 19 causes potentially fatal …

Pneumonia

Covid-19 appears how on X-ray

Glass opacities

Bronchovascular thickening with peripheral, bilateral and “crazy paving” patters.

And bronchiectasis

Where did Covid-19 originate

Wuhan china