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Who were the main Allied Leaders?
U.S. President FDR and USSR Josef Stalin.
Who were the main Axis Leaders?
Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler and Italy Benito Mussolini.
What were the the four turning points of the war?
Battle of Midway, Battle of Stalingrad, D-Day, Battle of El Alamein.
What was Battle of Midway?
U.S. vs. Japan, June 1942, put U.S. on the offensive.
What was Battle of Stalingrad?
Germany vs. USSR, Summer 1942. In order to knock out Russia’s industrial power; to capture oil fields beyond, control oil pipeline, cut off Lend-Lease from U.S.
What is Island Hopping (leapfrogging)
Phrase given to the strategy employed by the United States to gain military bases and secure the many small islands in the Pacific.
What was the Bataan Death March?
American and Filipinos taken as prisoner, the Japanese were not expecting or prepared for so many POWs, so they forced them to walk 60 miles to Camp O’Donnell with no food and little water, 1000s didn’t make it, occured in the Philippines.
What were Comfort Women?
The Japanese military’s sex slaves used by their soldiers.
What were Japanese Internment Camps?
Passed by Executive Order 9066, US gov imprisoned Americans of Japanese descent or Japanese immigrants on suspicion of disloyalty and Espionage against the US without due process of law because of the fear that the Japanese were going to invade the west Coast (war hysteria).
What is Genocide?
The systematic, planned annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group.
What is Anti-Semitism?
The hatred of Jews on a social, political, economic level.
What was the Final Solution?
Death camps, usage of gas chambers and crematoriums to eradicate the Jews.
How many people did the death camps kill?
12 million.
What were the Nuremberg Trials?
Post war trials that prosecuted Nazis responsible for war crimes.
What was the Yalta Conference?
The meeting of the big three (FDR, Stalin, Churchill) to decide the fate of Europe after the war (USSR had already conquered most territories in the east.
What were the agreements of the Yalta Conference?
New borders for Poland, free and democratic agreements in Eastern Europe, the division of Germany into 3 zones for temporary military occupation, and the disarmament of Germany + war reparations.
What was V-E Day?
Germany unconditionally surrendered May 8, 1945, Victory in Europe Day.
What was the Potsdam Conference?
Discussed and implemented the decisions reached at the Yalta Conference.
What is the United Nations?
The international organization of countries created to promote world peace and cooperation, est. October 1945.
What was the Manhattan Project?
The U.S. top-secret military project that designed the first atomic bomb.
What was the first test bomb?
The Trinity.
Why did the U.S. drop the bomb on Japan?
Military momentum and cost of project, Japanese surrender, show the USSR America’s strength, prevent Soviet invasion of Japan, prevent a U.S. land invasion of Japan that could have resulted in 1 million U.S. casualties.
What bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and when?
Little Boy on August 6th, 1945.
What bomb was dropped on Nagasaki and when?
Fat Man on August 9th, 1945.
When did Japan surrender?
August 14th, 1945, VJ Day (Victory in Japan).
What was the death count in USSR?
27 million.
What was the death count in Poland?
6 million.
What was the death count in Germany?
4.6 million.
Who came after Franklin Roosevelt?
Truman.
What was the Battle of El Alamein?
Germany vs. Britain, saved the Middle East oil fields and Suce Canal from falling into Nazi hands.
What was D-Day?
Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe, happened on June 6, 1944, largest amphibious and aerial invasion in world history. Allied forces stormed the beaches of Normandy and dropped in on parachutes, opened Western Front, included British, US, Canada.
When was D-Day?
June 6th, 1944.
What are Kamikazes?
Japanese military aviators who initiated suicide attacks for the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels beginning in November 1944.
How were Japanese-American Internment Camps a violation of civil rights/liberties?
Sent to camps without evidence, conviction due process of law, trial, or prosecution. Made because people feared the Japanese would invade the West Coast.
Who were the Nazi’s victims?
Political adversaries (communists), Jews, gypsies, Soviet pows, homosexuas, intelligentsia (professors, intellectuals), handicapped, Slavs and non-aryans.
What was the Manhattan Project?
The U.S top-secret military project that designed the first atomic bomb.
Why did the Manhattan Project get started?
Because the U.S. found out that the Nazis wanted to make a bomb, so they wanted to have one before they did and so if the Nazis dropped a bomb the US would be able to retaliate.
When was the first test bomb dropped?
July 16th, 1945.
Why did the US drop the bomb on Japan?
Military momentum, to compel Japan to surrender, to show the USSR the US’s strength, to prevent Soviet invasion of Japan, to prevent a land invasion of Japan that could kill 1 million US people.
Who lost the most amount of people in WW2?
USSR - 27 million.
