(personal) 1301 - mathis ch. 7

INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY.

Histology - defined as the study of tissues
Histo - tissues, logy study of
 First living cell - was discovered by a Dutch Naturalist; Antoine van Leeuwenhoek around 1668
Cells - smallest unit of organization in the body

Tissues?

Structure formed
by the grouping of
cells with similar
characteristics of
shape and
function

Organ?

specialized
structures within
the cell that are
permanent and
metabolically
active.

Ex. Liver,
heart, brain, skin

System?

Organs functioning
together: CNS,
Respiratory
system, Cardio
system, Immunes
system

Exocytosis?

• active transport of
material to
extracellular
environment

Endocytosis?

• uptake of material
from extracellular
environment

Phagocytosis?

• engulfing or
digestion of solid
waste or foreign
material by
enzymatic
breakdown

Cell Membrane?

• Surrounds the entire cell

• Gatekeeper of the cell

• Lipid bilayer

• Phospholipids + proteins

• Some carbohydrates

• Serves as structural
  reinforcements

• Receptor for specific
  hormones,
  neurotransmitters and
  antibodies

• Cell junction

Nucleus?

• Found in all cells except mature red blood cells
• Contains genetic information DNA and RNA

Genetic material?

• DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
(responsible for : repair, replicate
and genetic recombination)
• RNA ribonucleic acid
• 46 chromosomes
• mRNA (copies short strands of
DNA)
• rRNA involved in protein synthesis
• tRNA (Transports AA)

Mitochondria?

 Major source of ATP adenosine triphosphate
 Krebs cycle occurs here
 Glycolysis occurs here too

Ribosomes?

 Function as protein factories of the cell
 Made in the nucleolus from rRNA

ER of Endoplasmic reticulum?

• SER smooth (no ribosomes) & RER rough ER
• modification of protein
• storage
• segregation
• transport

Golgi complex or apparatus?

• packaging and transporting of proteins

Lysosomes?

• organelles produced by the Golgi complex

• lyse and digest waste

• utilize enzymes during phagocytosis

• found mainly in macrophages and leukocytes

Cytoskeleton?

• nGel like substance

• Arranged in microtrabecular
  lattice which leads to
  stabilizes the cell

what’s inside the cytoskeleton?

• microfilament
  • microtubules
  • intermediate filaments
  • tonofibrils (these play a major role in cellular junctions
  • keratin (strength)

What includes the genetic materials?

• 46
• DNA
• mRNA
• rRNA
• tRNA

Cellular Junctions include?

• Tonofibrils are intermediate filaments
  that serve as part of the cytoskeleton

• Desmosomes: cellular
  junction between cells (cell to cell)

• Hemidesmosomes
  attachment of cell to and adjacent noncellular surface. (Gingiva to tooth)

Mitosis has what?

• Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
  • Interphase

Meiosis?

• Meiosis is a process of
  reductional division in which
  the number of chromosomes
  per cell is halved

• Formation of gametes

what are the 3 main components of the body?

• cells

• fluids

• intercellular substance