oat physics unit 9

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pressure pushin down on me pressin down on you no man ask for

Last updated 6:00 AM on 7/24/26
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14 Terms

1
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density

mass per unit volume, usually given in kg/m3 (⍴ = m/v)

2
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buoyancy force

the upward force a fluid exerts on an object, which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

  • FB = ⍴fluidVg

3
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archimedes’ principle

The volume of displaced fluid is equivalent to the volume of an object immersed in a fluid.

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specific gravity

the ratio of the density of the object to the density of water at 4oC.

  • Example: SG of 0.75 means the object has 75% of the density of water, and 75% of the volume of the object would be submerged in water.

5
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pressure

force per unit area, usually given in N/m2 (pascals)

  • Other units: atm, Torr, bar, mmHg, psi

  • P = F/A

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hydrostatic pressure

pressure exerted by a fluid at rest. The pressure always acts perpendicular to the surface that the fluid touches.

  • Pressure increases linearly with depth, and only depends on depth and liquid density.

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">pressure exerted by a fluid at rest. The pressure always acts perpendicular to the surface that the fluid touches.</span></p><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Pressure increases linearly with depth, and only depends on depth and liquid density.</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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gauge pressure

the pressure of a system above atmospheric pressure.

  • The atmosphere exerts a pressure, but it is neglected in this measurement.

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absolute pressure

the total pressure of a system, taking into account both the gauge pressure and the atmospheric pressure.

  • Pa = Pg + Patm

  • Perfect vacuum: when Pa is 0.

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pascal’s principle

In a confined, uncompressible fluid at rest, a pressure change in one part is transmitted throughout the fluid without loss.

  • A small input force can be used to generate a large output force.

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">In a confined, uncompressible fluid at rest, a pressure change in one part is transmitted throughout the fluid without loss.</span></p><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">A small input force can be used to generate a large output force.</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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stress

the ratio of the applied perpendicular force to the cross sectional area.

  • σ = F⟂ / A

  • Unit = N/m2

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">the ratio of the applied perpendicular force to the cross sectional area.</span></p><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">σ = F<sub>⟂</sub> / A</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Unit = N/m<sup>2</sup></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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stress vs pressure

stress is internal, pressure is external

12
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strain

The effect of stress aka the ratio of the amount a section has been stretched compared to its original length.

  • ε = Δl / lo

  • ^ change in length over original length.

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young’s modulus

the ratio of stress to strain, given by the letter Y. It measures the elasticity of a material.

  • High Y = hard to stretch material

  • Low Y = easy to stretch material

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">the ratio of stress to strain, given by the letter Y. It measures the elasticity of a material.</span></p><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">High Y = hard to stretch material</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Low Y = easy to stretch material</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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funky ehhh

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