micro chap 5 quiz

Which genus includes the causative agent for malaria?

Plasmodium

Which protist is a concern because of its ability to contaminate water supplies and cause diarrheal illness?

Giardia lamblia

A fluke is classified within which of the following?

Platyhelminthes

A nonsegmented worm is found during a routine colonoscopy of an individual who reported having abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. This worm is likely which of the following?

nematode

A segmented worm has male and female reproductive organs in each segment. Some use hooks to attach to the intestinal wall. Which type of worm is this?

cestode

Mushrooms are a type of which of the following?

basidiocarp

Which of the following is the most common cause of human yeast infections?

Candida albicans

Which of the following is an ascomycete fungus associated with bat droppings that can cause a respiratory infection if inhaled?

Histoplasma capsulatum

Which polysaccharide found in red algal cell walls is a useful solidifying agent?

agar

Which is the term for the hard outer covering of some dinoflagellates?

theca

Which protists are associated with red tides?

dinoflagellates

You encounter a lichen with leafy structures. Which term describes this lichen?

foliose

Which of the following is the term for the outer layer of a lichen?

the cortex

The fungus in a lichen is which of the following?

an ascomycete

The plasma membrane of a protist is called the _________.

plasma membrane

Animals belong to the same supergroup as the kingdom _________.

Opisthokonta

Flukes are in class _________.

Trematoda

A species of worm in which there are distinct male and female individuals is described as _________.

dioecious

Nonseptate hyphae are also called _________.

coenocytic

Unicellular fungi are called _________.

yeasts

Some fungi have proven medically useful because they can be used to produce _________.

antibiotics

Structures in chloroplasts used to synthesize and store starch are called _________.

pyrenoids

Algae with chloroplasts with three or four membranes are a result of _________.

secondary endosymbiosis

What are kinetoplastids?

Kinetoplastids are a group of protists in the phylum Euglenozoa, characterized by the presence of a kinetoplast, a large mass of DNA within a single mitochondrion.

Aside from a risk of birth defects, what other effect might a toxoplasmosis infection have?

It can cause flu-like symptoms, seizures, or neurological issues in individuals with weakened immune systems.

What is the function of the ciliate macronucleus?

The macronucleus controls the metabolic and developmental functions of a ciliate.

What is the best defense against tapeworm infection?

Proper cooking of meat and maintaining good hygiene.

Which genera of fungi are common dermatophytes (fungi that cause skin infections)?

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton.

What is a dikaryotic cell?

A cell containing two genetically distinct nuclei, important in the reproductive cycle of fungi.

What is a distinctive feature of diatoms?

Diatoms have cell walls made of silica, forming unique and ornate patterns.

Why are algae not considered parasitic?

Algae are primarily autotrophic, obtaining their energy through photosynthesis, unlike parasites that rely on hosts for nutrients.

Which groups contain the multicellular algae?

Rhodophyta (red algae), Phaeophyta (brown algae), and Chlorophyta (green algae).

What are three ways that lichens are environmentally valuable?

1. They act as bioindicators of air quality. 2. They contribute to soil formation. 3. They serve as a food source for various animals.

The protist shown has which of the following?

1. pseudopodia

2. flagella

3. a shell

4. cilia

cilia

Protist taxonomy has changed greatly in recent years as relationships have been re-examined using newer approaches. How do newer approaches differ from older approaches?

Older approaches classified protists mainly by their physical characteristics, such as shape, movement, and appearance. Newer approaches use DNA sequencing and molecular (genetic) analysis to determine evolutionary relationships, resulting in a more accurate classification of protists.

What characteristics might make you think a protist could be pathogenic? Are certain nutritional characteristics, methods of locomotion, or morphological differences likely to be associated with the ability to cause disease?

Pathogenic protists are usually parasitic, invade host tissues, and often form cysts to survive and spread. Movement alone does not determine whether a protist causes disease.

Given the life cycle of the Schistosoma parasite, suggest a method of prevention of the disease.

Avoid contact with freshwater contaminated with infected snails and improve sanitation to prevent the parasite from spreading.

Which of the drawings shows septate hyphae?

Correct answer: ✅ A

Why?

• Septate hyphae have cross-walls (septa) that divide the hyphae into compartments.

• Drawing A clearly shows these cross-walls.

• Drawing B lacks septa, so it represents aseptate (coenocytic) hyphae.

Explain the benefit of research into the pathways involved in the synthesis of chitin in fungi.

Research on chitin synthesis can help develop antifungal drugs that target fungal cell walls without harming human cells, since humans do not have chitin.