Unit six vocab APHG

City

A large/ dense populated settlement much larger than a rural area/ town; serves as important commercial, governmental, and cultural hubs.

First urban revolution

The agricultural and socioeconomic innovations that led to the rise of the earliest cities

Site

An absolute location of a place on earth

Situation

The relative location of a place in reference to its surrounding features, or its regional position w/ reference to other places

Second urban revolution

The industrial innovation in mining and manufacturing that led to increased urban growth

Metropolis

A very large and densely populating city, particularity the capital or a major city of a country or region

urbanization

The process by which people live and are employed in a city. Population shifts from rural to urban settings.

Suburbanization

The movement of people from urban core area to the surrounding outskirts of a city

Edge city

A concentration of businesses, shopping, and entertainment that develops in the suburbs outside a cities CBD/ downtown

Boomburb

A place with more than 100,000 residents that is not a core city in a metro politan area; a large suburb with its own government

Exurb

A semi-rural district located beyond the suburbs that is often inhabited by well to do families (rich/ better off)

World/global city

A cuty that is a control center of the global economy, in which major decisions are made about the worlds commercial networks and financial markets.

Gated Community

Privately governed and highly secure residential area within the bounds of a city; often has fence/gate around it

Rank size rule

The population of a settlement is inversely proportional to its rank in the urban hierarchy

Primate city

A city that is much larger than any other city in the country and that dominates the countries economical,political and cultural life

Central Place theory

A model developed by Walter Christaller, that attempts to understand why cities are located where they are

Threshold

In central place theory, the number of people required to support businesses.

Gravity Model

The idea that the closer two places are the more they will influence each other

Range

In central place theory the distance people will travel to acquire a good.

Concentric zone model

A model of a city’s internal organization developed by E.W Burgess originated in 5 rings that model the arrangement of different residential zones radiation outward from the CBD

Hoyt/Sector Model

A model of a city’s internal organization developed by Homer Hoyt that focuses on transportation and communication as the driver of the city’s layout

Multiple Nuclei Model

A model of a city internal organization developed by Chauncey Harris and Edward Ullman, showing residential districts that organized around several nodes (nuclei) rather than once CBD

Galactic City Model

A model of a city internal organization in which the CBD remains central, but multiple shopping area, office parks, industrial districts are scattered through the surrounding suburbs and linked by metropolitan expressway systems

Griffin-Ford Model

A model of a internal structure of the Latin American city developed by Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford

Gentrification

The displacement of lower income residents by higher-income residents as an area or neighborhood improves

Smart Growth

Policies that combat regional sprawl by addressing issues of population density and transportation

New Urbanism

An approach to city planning that focuses on fostering European style cities of dense settlements, attractive architecture, and housing of different types and prices withing walking distance to shopping, restaurants, hobs, and public transportation.

Greenbelt

A zone of grassy, forested or agricultural land separating urban areas

Blockbusting

A practice in which realtors persuade white homeowners in a neighborhood to sell their homes by convincing them that the neighborhood is declining due to black families moving in

Redlining

The practice of identifying high-risk neighborhoods on a city map and refusing to led money to people who want to buy property in those neighborhoods.

Urban Renewal

Large scale development of the built enviroment in downfall and older inner city neighborhoods.