SP State Test

Personification

Attribution of human qualities to non-human entities or objects. Example:"The sun smiled down on the earth."

Metaphor

Direct comparison between unrelated things. Example:"Her voice was music to his ears."

Simile

Comparison using "like" or "as". Example:"She was as brave as a lion."

Hyperbole

Exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally. Example:"I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."

Allusion

Indirect reference to historical, cultural, or literary significance. Example:"She's a modern-day Cinderella."

Setting and its Impact

Time and place in a story influencing character development, mood, and plot.

Plot

Sequence of events in a story including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

Conflict (Internal vs External)

Struggle between opposing forces. Internal conflict is within a character's mind, external involves outside forces.

Types of Conflict

Include man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. society, and man vs. self.

Tone vs Mood

Tone is the author's attitude, mood is the emotional setting for the reader.

Connotation

Emotional or cultural associations attached to a word beyond its literal meaning.

Dialogue and its Impact

Conversation between characters revealing characterization, advancing plot, and creating tension.

Theme

Central idea or underlying message of a literary work reflecting universal human experiences.

Central Idea

Main point or focus of a text expressed as a sentence or brief statement.

Summaries

Include main points or events while omitting minor details or subplots.

SCR (Short Constructive Response)

Includes analysis, evidence, and critical thinking related to a specific text or topic.

Strategies for Analyzing a Poem

Include examining imagery, symbolism, tone, structure, and poetic devices.

Ways Texts Can Be Organized

Chronologically, by problem-solution, cause-effect, or compare-contrast with signal words.

Relevant vs Irrelevant evidence

Relevant supports the main argument, irrelevant does not contribute to validity.

Evaluating an Argument

Based on evidence, logic, credibility of sources, counterarguments, and coherence.

Analogies and Allusions

Help understand complex ideas by comparing to familiar things or referencing well-known stories.

Paired-Passage Essay Organization

Identify common themes, compare texts, and analyze interactions.

Multiple Choice Verb Strategy

Pay attention to the verbs in multiple-choice questions, as they often indicate what the question is asking for (e.g., compare, analyze, infer).