SP State Test

1. Personification: This is a literary device where human qualities are attributed to non-human entities or objects. For example, "The sun smiled down on the earth."

2. Metaphor: Metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a direct comparison between two unrelated things. For example, "Her voice was music to his ears."

3. Simile: Similar to metaphor, simile also makes a comparison but using "like" or "as". For example, "She was as brave as a lion."

4. Hyperbole: Hyperbole is an exaggerated statement or claim not meant to be taken literally. For example, "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."

5. Allusion: Allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance. For example, "She's a modern-day Cinderella."

6. Setting and its Impact: Setting refers to the time and place in which a story occurs. It can affect other parts of the story such as character development, mood, and plot progression by providing context and atmosphere.

7. Plot: Plot refers to the sequence of events in a story. It typically includes exposition (introduction of characters and setting), rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

8. Conflict (Internal vs. External): Conflict is the struggle between opposing forces in a story. Internal conflict occurs within a character's mind (e.g., moral dilemmas), while external conflict involves a character's struggle against an outside force (e.g., another character, nature, society).

9. Types of Conflict: Common types of conflict include man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. society, and man vs. self.

10. Tone vs. Mood: Tone refers to the attitude of the author towards the subject matter or audience, while mood is the atmosphere or emotional setting created for the reader.

11. Connotation: Connotation refers to the emotional or cultural associations attached to a word beyond its literal meaning.

12. Dialogue and its Impact: Dialogue is conversation between characters in a story. It can reveal characterization, advance the plot, provide exposition, and create tension or conflict.

13. Theme: Theme is the central idea or underlying message of a literary work. It often reflects on universal human experiences and can be inferred from the events, characters, and motifs within the text.

14. Central Idea: The central idea is the main point or focus of a text. It is usually expressed as a sentence or a brief statement.

15. Summaries: Summaries should include the main points or events of a text while omitting minor details or subplots.

16. SCR (Short Constructive Response): An SCR should include analysis, evidence, and critical thinking related to a specific text or topic, often used in educational discussions.

17. Strategies for Analyzing a Poem: Strategies may include examining imagery, symbolism, tone, structure, and poetic devices such as rhyme and meter.

18. Ways Texts Can Be Organized: Texts can be organized chronologically, by problem-solution, cause-effect, or compare-contrast. Signal words for each type of organization include "first," "next," "then," "therefore," "because," "as a result," "similarly," and "on the other hand."

19. Relevant vs. Irrelevant Evidence: Relevant evidence directly supports the main argument or thesis, while irrelevant evidence does not contribute to the argument's validity.

20. Evaluating an Argument: Evaluate arguments based on evidence, logic, credibility of sources, counterarguments, and overall coherence.

21. Analogies and Allusions: Analogies and allusions help readers understand complex ideas or concepts by comparing them to something familiar or referencing well-known stories, events, or figures.

22. Paired-Passage Essay Organization: Organize a paired-passage essay by identifying common themes, comparing and contrasting the texts, and analyzing how they interact or complement each other.