MIDTERM WORLD HISTORY GLORIOUS REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT

Democracy

the people have the power

capitalism

economic system in which private individuals or businesses own and control the means of production and operate them for profit

divine right

the leader role is passed down through God

power of the purse

parliamentary controls over money and taxation

cabinet

head of government; leader of the house of commons who acted as a small group of advisers to the english monarch

puritans

english protestant; Henry (protestant/ church of England), Edward (protestant), Mary (catholic), and Elizabeth (protestant/ anglican/ constitutional) 1485-1603

tudors

ruled England from 1485-1603; believed in divine right- had no problems with parliament; needed money; support Henry the VIII; signed the petition of rights but didn’t apply to him; Henry VII, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. Got along with parliament. Spend a lot of money on money. Henry (protestant/ church of england), Edward (protestant), Mary (Catholic), Elizabeth (protestant/ anglican/ constitutional) 1485-1603

The stuarts

relatives of Elizabeth; James I- believed in divine right- challenged parliament; dissolved parliament; clashed with Puritans; James I (absolute), and Charles I (absolute), Charles II (constitutional), James II (absolute), and William and Mary (constitutional). Did not get along well with parliament. The Line started after Elizabeth I death.

parliament

legislative body of government responsible for making laws, representing the electorate, and over seeing the executive branch. Parliaments are typically found in countries with a parliamentary system of governance and can take different forms depending on the country’s constitution and traditions

power of the purse (nothing can be passed without parliaments say)

cavaliers

known as the royalists; church officials; rich/ large land owners; more rural; house of lords; loyalist to king Charles I. royalists. Northern and western England. aristocrats, wealthy landowners, church officials

Roundheads

known as parliamentarians; house of commons; puritans; merchants; town people; more urban; loyal to parliament

absolute ruler

different thay absolute monarch but it isn’t inherited or passed down; not all power; not king or queen

habeas corpus

man cannot go to prison without a fair trial; every prisoner has the right to obtain a writ ordering that he she be brought before a judge to specify charges/ Judges would decide if the prisoner should be tried or set freed (1679)

Petition of Right

extended version of the Magna Carta, he would not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent. He would not house soldiers in private homes. He would impose martial law in peacetime. He would not imprison subjects without due cause

Signed by Charles the II

Magna Carta

limited the kings power; first document in 1215; the kings did not abide by the rules

limited monarchy

a king or queens power has limited power; parliament and the government has shared powers

legislative branch

makes law

constitutional monarchy

secures the ideas of a limited monarchy; lead in the late 1700s

Oliver Cromwell

general of the roundheads (1644); captures King Charles the I (1647); he became ruler and eventually turned into a bad leader; invaded Barbados; he ruled as a dictator

Commonwealth

when England became a republic

Oliver Cromwell as ruler?

He was a dictator because he ruled over everyone and did what he wanted and not what the people wanted; he got rid of parliament; he executed Charles; he invaded Barbados and enslaved many people

Oligarchy

when a few people have power; system of government where a small group of people often from the same family, class, or group hold most of the power and make decisions for the rest of the country. These few people control important resources. They make choices that benefit themselves and not the country

cabinet

leader of the house of commons who acted as a small group of advisers to the english monarch; head of governement

puritans

english protestant

James I

absolute; dissolved parliament; was the beginning of the stuart line; believed in divine right; became king in 1603

Charles the I

very absolute- made these people mad tried to convert everyone to Anglican; imprisoned people without reason housed soldiers; ignored parliament; dissolved parliament; taxed; signed the petition of right but ignored it; captured and beheaded; bad ruler; absolute monarch

Who was on each side of the Civil war?

The Royalists (Cavaliers) vs the Parliamentarians (Roundheads)

What was the conflict between the two sides?

The royalists wanted power and they wanted the Anglican church to be the only church

The parliamentarians wanted parliament to have the power

Results of the Civil war?

establishment of commonwealth, religious acceptance and change; restoration of the monarch; political and constitutional change

What kind of government was England under Cromwell as Lord Protector

dictatorship

what kind of government was England after the glorious revolution and the Bill of Rights was signed

constitutional monarchy

Glorious revolution

overthrow of King James II

Bill of Rights