Anatomy Unit 1 (objectives 5-10)

integumentary system major organs

skin, hair, sweat glands, nails

integumentary system functions

protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information

skeletal system major organs

bones, cartilage, cartain ligaments, bone marrow

skeletal system functions

provides support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and minerals, forms blood cells

muscular system organs

skeletal muscles and tendons

muscular system functions

gives movement and protection for other tissues, generates heat and maintains body temperature

nervous system organs

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs

nervous system functions

directs immediate responses to stimuli, coordinate moderate activities of other organ systems, provides and understands sensory info about external conditions

endocrine system organs

gonads, pituary gland, thyroid gland, endocrine tissues, pancreas, adrenal glands

endocrine system functions

directs long term changes for other organ activities, adjust metabolic activity and energy use, controls structural and functional changes during development

digestive system organs

teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

digestive system functions:

processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, collects nutrients, stores energy

respiratory system organs

nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveolir

respiratory system functions

delivers air to alveoli for gas exchange, provides oxygen to bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream, produces sounds for communication

lymphatic system organs

spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils

lympphatic system functions

defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to bloodstreamc

cardiovascular system organs

heart, blood, blood vessels

cardiovascular system functions

distributes blood cells, water and dissolved material including nutrients, waste products, oxygen and carbon dioxide, distributes heat and is in control of the body temperature

urinary system organs

kidneys, uterus, urinary bladder, urethra

urinary system functions

disposes waste from blood, controls waterblanace through volume of urine, stores urine before voluntary elimination, regulates blood ion concentrations and pH

male reproductive system organs

testes, epididymides, ductusdefertia, seminal vescisles, prostate, penis, scrotium

male reproductive system functions

produces sex cells, seminal fluids, and hormones, sexual intercourse

female reproductive system organs

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mamary glands

female reproductive system functions

produce sex cells and hormones, supports developing embryo, provides milk for baby, sexual intercourse

superior

above the head; located higher than another part

interior

away from head;below

anterior

refers to front in anatomical position

posterior

refers to the back in anatomical position

lateral

away from midline

medial

toward the midline

contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

ipsilateral

same side of the body

distal

farther from the reference point

proximal

closer to the reference point

deep

closer to your core

superficial

outside layer of your body

axial position

head, neck, trunk, cavities here only

Appendicular Position

arms and legs

dorsal cavities

cranial cavity, oral, nasal, orbital, brain, facial sinuses, middle ear

ventral cavities

thoriac cavities, heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, thymus, spinal cord

pelvic cavity

end of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, diaphram

abdomininopelvic cavity

abdominal cavity, stmach, liver, spleen, gall bladder, small and large intestines

diaphram

seperates thoriac from abdominal cavities

the sagittal plane

divides body left and rightm

missagittal plane

divides body equally

sagittal plane uses

sagittal suture in skull, MRI in sagittal plane, movement in sagittal plane, walking

horizontal plane

divides top and bottom sections

horizontal plan uses

MRI in intransversal plane, twisting

Frontal (coronal) plane

seperates front and back

frontal (coronal) plane uses

coronal suture, CT in coronal plane, jumping jacks

cephalic

head

frontal

forehead

orbital

eye cavity

mental

chin

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

cervical

neck

acrominal

point of shoulder

mammary

breast

sternal

middle

pectoral

chest

axillary

armpit

umbilicial

belly button

inguinal

groin

coxal

hipb

brachial

arm

abdominal

abdomen

carpal

wrist

palmer

palm

digital

finger

genital

reproductive organs

patellar

front of knee

tarsal

instep

digital

toe

occipital

back of your head

vertrebral

spinal column

lumber

lower back

sacrral

between hips

glutteal

buttocks

femoral

thighs

popliteal

back of knee

plantar

sole

homeostasis

keeping constant internal environment in the human body

extracellular (fluid)

fluid outside cells

receptors

provide info to the body about stimuli

control center

knows particular set point

effector

cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment

levels of organization

cells - complex molecules - tissues - organ system - organism

negative feedback

happens when body is taken away from set point

positive feedback

a stimulus causes a continuous increase increase in a function of the body; blood clot; child birth

shunt

to direct to another place

vascular

relating to vessels

homeostatic mechanism

sensor, control center, effector

hematopoiseis

creating new blood

visceral

deep affect on internal organs

mental region

area of face covering the chin