Infection Control- Ch 22/ Test-COMPLETE

Regulatory and Non-regulatory Agencies

Regulatory Agencies: issue laws and regulations that mandate compliance

Non-regulatory Agencies: advisory; issue recommendations

Professional Associations and Organizations

Valuable resource for current infection control and other professional information

Many dental professionals choose to become members of their professional organizations

American Dental Association (ADA)

the ADA is the professional organization for dentists

the ADA periodically updates its infection control recommendations as new scientific information becomes available

American Dental Assistants Association (ADAA)

The oldest, largest group that represents professional dental assistants

Members include clinical personnel who work chairside with the dentist, as well as the receptionist, the office manager, and those working behind the scenes in dental product sales, insurance, and education

In Canada, the Canadian Dental Assistants Association (CDAA) operates under similar principles with professional dental assistants

American Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA)

the national professional organization for dental hygienists

provides its members with professional support, educational programs and opportunities to participate in the organization

State and Local Dental Societies

State and local dental societies can help you comply with regulatory issues in your specific area

National, state, and local dental-assisting societies can often answer questions and provide opportunities for continuing dental education

Organization for Safety, Asepsis and Prevention (OSAP)

A not-for-profit organization composed of dentists, hygienists, dental assistants, government representatives, dental manufacturers, university professors, researchers, and dental consultants

This organization is an excellent resource for information on infection control, injury prevention, and occupational health issues

Government Agencies

Food and Drug Administration

Environmental Protection Agency

National Institutes of Health

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Public Health Agency of Canada

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Regulatory agency

Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

Regulates the manufacture and labeling of medical devices as well as antimicrobial hand-washing products and mouth rinses

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Regulatory agency

Ensures the safety and effectiveness of disinfectants

Regulates discharge and final treatment of waste materials (e.g., chemicals), as well as medical waste after it leaves the dental office

National Institutes of Health

Part of DHHS (Dept of Health and Human Services)

The primary federal agency for conducting and supporting medical research

Translates research results into practice and communicates research findings to patients and their families, healthcare providers, and the general public

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

Dental research institute of the NIH

Mission is to promote the general health of the American people by improving their oral, dental, and craniofacial health

Through research and the training of researchers, the NIDCR promotes health, prevents diseases and pathologic conditions, and develops new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Does not have regulatory authority

It is responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related disease and injury

NIOSH makes recommendations and disseminates information on preventing workplace disease, injury, and disability

It provides training to professionals in the field of occupational safety and health

Public Health Agency of Canada

Main Canadian federal agency responsible for public health

The PHAC supports approximately 2,400 researchers and staff, as well as a wide variety of programs and services offered by both federal government and non-government agencies (NGOs) across Canada

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Part of DHHS

Not regulatory

Role is to issue specific recommendations based on sound scientific evidence

Infection control procedures practiced in dentistry today are based on the Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Healthcare Settings, issued by the CDC

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Regulatory agency that protects workers against physical, chemical, and infectious hazards in the workplace

It establishes protective standards, enforces those standards, and offers technical assistance and consultation programs

OSHA is a federal agency, but 22 states administer their own state-operated OSHA programs

State agencies might have more stringent rules

OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard (BBP)

The most important infection control law in dentistry

• Designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

• Employers are required to protect their employees from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) in the workplace and to provide proper care to the employee if an exposure should occur

The BBP applies to any type of facility in which employees might be exposed to blood and/or other body fluids, which include:

• Dental and medical offices

• Hospitals

• Funeral homes

• Emergency medical services

• Nursing homes

OSHA requires that a copy of the BBP be present in every dental office and clinic

OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard-Exposure Written Control Plan

Requires each office to have a written exposure control plan

Must clearly describe how the office complies with the BBP Standard

Categories of Employees

The OSHA BBP Standard requires employers to categorize tasks and procedures during which an employee might experience occupational exposure

BBP defines an occupational exposure as “any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane contact, or percutaneous injury with blood or any other potentially infectious materials”

Postexposure Management

Accidents happen!

Before an accident occurs, the BBP requires the employer to have a written plan

This plan explains exactly what steps the employee must follow after the exposure incident occurs and the type of medical follow-up that will be provided to the employee

Employee Training

The BBP Standard requires the dentist/employer to provide training in infection control procedures and safety issues to all personnel who may come in contact with blood, saliva, or contaminated instruments or surfaces

Employer must keep records of all training sessions

The record must include the date of the session, the name of the presenter, the topic, and the names of all employees who attended

Hepatitis B Immunization

OSHA requires the dentist to offer the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination series to all employees whose jobs include category I and II tasks

Vaccine must be offered within 10 days of employment

The dentist/employer must obtain proof from the physician who administered the vaccination

Employees have the right to refuse the HBV vaccine; however, they must sign an informed refusal form that is kept on file in the office

Postvaccine Testing

Between 1 to 2 months after the series has been completed, a blood test should be performed to ensure that the individual has developed immunity

A physician should evaluate individuals who have not developed immunity to determine the need for an additional dose of HBV vaccine

Individuals who do not respond to the second 3-dose series of the vaccine should be counseled regarding their susceptibility to HBV infection and precautions to take

Employee Medical Records

The dentist/employer must keep a confidential medical record for each employee

These records are confidential and must be stored in a locked file

The employer must keep these records for duration of employment + 30 years

OSHA Hazard Communication Program

Hazard Communication Standard

• Requires employers to inform employees about identity and hazards of all chemicals in the workplace they might be exposed to

Revision

• Adopts the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)

• Requires identification with uniform labels and SDSs worldwide

OSHA Hazard Communication Written Program

Must identify by name all employees exposed to dangerous chemicals

Must describe:

• Training

• How chemicals are handled

• Information about all labeling and safety measures

• How to respond to chemical emergencies

Employee Training

Required:

• When new employee is hired

• When a new chemical product is introduced

• Once a year for continuing employees

Dentist must provide the training

• May have help from dental assistant

Must include:

• How to safely use the chemicals

• Understanding SDS

• All safety practices and warnings

• How to use required PPE

• Safe handling and disposal

what is the primary role of the CDC in dentistry?

public health

What is the primary role of the FDA?

regulate medical and dental devices

what is the primary role of the EPA?

Environment

what is the primary focus of OSHA in dentistry?

Employees

The ______ is a Federal Regulatory Agency that is concerned with the regulation of sterilization equipment.

FDA

The federal nonregulatory agency that issues recommendation on health and safety is the _______?

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

What is the professional organization for dentists?

ADA (American Dental Association)

_______is the premier resource for safety and infection prevention information in dentistry.

Organization for Safety, Asepsis and Prevention (OSAP)

The ______is a federal regulatory agency that deals with issues and concern to the environment or public safety.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The _____ main federal agency responsible for public health in Canada

PHAC (Public Health Agency of Canada)

The federal regulatory agency that enforces regulations and pertain to employee safely is _______.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

____is the federal agency responsible for conducting research & making recommendations related to work related injuries.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)