Hindu Traditions – Exam Summary

A series of flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and concepts related to Hindu traditions and philosophies for exam preparation.

Hinduism

A diverse collection of philosophies, rituals, and communities linked to the Indian subcontinent, characterized by no single founder, text, or authority.

Sanatana Dharma

Meaning 'eternal way', this term is preferred by many Hindus to describe their faith.

Karma

The moral law of cause and effect in Hindu philosophy.

Samsara

The cycle of rebirth in Hindu belief.

Moksha

Liberation from the cycle of Samsara.

Upanishads

Sacred texts that mark a shift from external rituals to inward reflection, discussing concepts like Atman and Brahman.

Atman

The individual self or soul in Hindu philosophy.

Brahman

The ultimate reality or cosmic spirit in Hindu belief.

Advaita Vedanta

The philosophy proposed by Shankara, stating that Atman and Brahman are identical (nondualism).

Vedas

The oldest Hindu scriptures, categorized as Shruti, which means 'heard' or 'revealed'.

Bhagavad Gita

A 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the Indian epic Mahabharata, presenting a dialogue between Prince Arjuna and Lord Krishna.

Bhakti

Devotion to a personal god in Hinduism.

Dharma

Moral duty or righteousness in Hindu philosophy.

Puja

A worship ritual in Hinduism.

Darshan

The act of seeing and being seen by the divine.

Karma Yoga

Selfless action without attachment to results, as taught in the Bhagavad Gita.

Jnana Yoga

The path of wisdom and knowledge of the true self, emphasized in Hindu philosophy.

Ramayana

An ancient Indian epic that narrates the life of Prince Rama, his wife Sita, and his struggle against the demon king Ravana.

Devi/Shakti

The goddess representing the divine feminine power in Hinduism.

Arya Samaj

A reform movement founded by Dayananda Sarasvati aimed at returning to the teachings of the Vedas.

Transcendental Meditation

A meditation technique popularized by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, focusing on achieving inner peace.