Horticulture 1

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

converts CO2 and H2O to carbohydrate molecules

In photosynthesis capture sun energy is used for

energy

CO2 from the air enters through

stomata

water travels to the leaf through

the xylem

equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Oxygen is a by-product of what Chemical Reaction

Photosynthesis

Light absorbed by pigment

When light is absorbed by chlorophyll a pigment, it initiates the process of photosynthesis in plants.

Light-dependent reaction

response to light energy being absorbed by chlorophyll

light energy converted to chemical energy (sugar)

occurs in grana

Light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)

series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts during photosynthesis.

This process is essential for the synthesis of organic compounds, including glucose, which serves as a source of energy for plants and other organisms.

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Plants

alternative photosynthetic mechanisms \n - open stomata at night- minimize water loss \n - succulents

C4 Plants

alternative photosynthetic mechanism

Respiration

- occurs in mitochondria

ATP Production

Glycolysis \n - yields two pyruvates \n - occurs in cytoplasm

Transpiration

- Benefits \n - carbon dioxide entry \n - nutrient access \n - water uptake \n - evaporative cooling \n - Carbon dioxide entry \n - Water uptake and nutrient access \n - turgor

Factors affecting transpiration

- relative humidity \n - temperature \n - plants structures \n - water \n - wind

# Reproduction

- Bred or selected to produce \n - higher yields \n - disease and pest resistance \n - improved vigor \n - increased nutritional content \n - ornamental aesthetics \n - enhanced stress tolerance \n - postharvest longevity

Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms are a group of plants that produce seeds without enclosing them in a fruit. They are characterized by having naked seeds, usually borne on cones or similar structures.

pollen-bearing male

gametophytes

female cones

(ovule bearing scales)

Angiosperms

Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are the most diverse group of plants and have a wide range of adaptations.

pollen-bearing anthers

They produce and release pollen grains containing the plant's male gametes. The anthers play a crucial role in pollination, where pollen is transferred from the anthers to the stigma of a flower, enabling fertilization and subsequent seed production. This process is essential for plant reproduction and the continuation of plant species.

female

stigma, style, ovary

Draw a chart of the Kingdom Plantae