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Output Devices
Hardware components that display processed information from a computer, such as printers, screens, or speakers.
Input Devices
Hardware components that get data into a computer, like mice, keyboards, and scanners.
Types of Computers
Embedded Computer
Personal Computer
Desktop
Mainframe
Supercomputer
TRUE/FALSE: A laptop is a personal computer
TRUE
Control Unit (CU)
Directs the operations of the CPU.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Performs calculations and logic operations.
Memory
Storage that temporarily holds instructions and data for a computer.
EPROM
(Erasable Programmable ROM) - Programmable multiple times using ultraviolet rays.
IS RAM NON-VOLATILE
No
Volatile Memory
Temporary storage that loses data when the power is off.
Backup Process
Creating copies of important files and storing them in secure locations to prevent data loss.
How many megabytes make a kilobyte?
1024 mb
Direct Input Example
Using a barcode reader to input data.
System Software vs Application Software
System software controls hardware and other software operations, while application software performs specific tasks.
Pivot Table and its steps
A tool to summarize data quickly in a spreadsheet.
Highlight the cell where you would like to create the pivot table
Select the Insert tab from the toolbar
In the table screen click on the pivot table button
A window called ‘Create Pivot Table’ appears. Select the range of data to be used in the pivot table
Click on the OK button
Choose the fields to add
User Interface
A combination of hardware and software that allow for communication between the user and the computer
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
Graphical representation for user interaction with a computer.
CLI (Command Line Interface)
Text-based interface for user interaction with a computer.
Menu Driven Interface
allows users to control the computer by using commands and available options from a menu.
Secondary Storage Examples
HDDs, USB flash drives, DVD drives.
Data vs Info
Raw, unprocessed material vs. processed data.
Human Readable Document
Document that can be read by humans but is not in a form that the computer can readily accept
Turn Around Document
Computer-generated form that is filled out, sent out, and returned to the computer.
Verification
Double-checking for data errors.
Validation
computerized checking of input data for errors before processing.
Serial Data Access
Data is arranged in the order it was input
Random File Access
Quick access to any part of a file
Computer Network
Collection of interconnected computers for communication and resource sharing.
Relative vs Absolute Cell Reference
Relative change when a formula is copied/moved, absolute stays fixed to a specific cell.
Cloud Storage
Storing digital data in an online space across multiple servers
Local Storage
Storing data on physical devices.
GPS
Global Positioning System.
WiFi
Wireless Fidelity.
URLs (Microsoft Word)
Specific addresses used to access internet resources.
Encryption (Microsoft Word)
The process of converting info into a code that isn't readable by the naked eye. It converts readable data (plaintext) into a secret code (ciphertext) for security, using a mathematical algorithm and key
3 Text Formatting Features in Word
Bold, Italic, Underline.
4 Alignments in Word
Right, Center, Left, Justify.
Types of Data Types (Databases)
Text, Numeric, Logical, Currency, Date/Time.
Foreign Key (Databases)
Allows two tables to be linked in a database
Query (Databases)
Command to either be a request for data results for action on the data, or both
Pie Chart (Databases)
Visual representation of categorical data proportions.
Bar Chart vs Column Chart (Databases)
Bar chart has horizontal bars, while a column chart has vertical bars
WHICH TAB IN A SPREADSHEET IS USED TO SORT A TABLE?
Data Tab & Home Tab
Filtering Data (Spreadsheets)
Separating specific data from a dataset.
Unfiltering Data (Spreadsheets)
Displaying the entire dataset without filters.
TRUE/FALSE Range check is a form of verification
FALSE
TRUE/FALSE Random file access is the fastest access
TRUE
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
PAN (Personal area network)
LAN (local area network)
MAN (Metropolitan area network)
WAN (Wide area network)
TRUE/FALSE: I have access to onedrive. One drive is useless in the case where connectivity is limited.
TRUE
Advantages & Disadvantages of Cloud Storage
ADVANTAGES:
Disaster recovery: provides a backup in the case of a disaster
Data retrieval: Data can be accessed virtually anywhere on any device
DISADVANTAGES:
Host Trust: There is a third-party involved so privacy is not secure
Internet is needed
Advantages & Disadvantages of Local Storage
ADVANTAGES:
Speed: Accessing data is much quicker than uploading and downloading from cloud
Security Control: You have complete control over how data is stored
No internet is needed
DISADVANTAGES:
Cost: More expensive
Backup & recovery challenges
LINKS (Microsoft Word)
clickable elements on web pages that navigate users to other pages or resources
WEB BROWSER (Microsoft Word)
A program that allows users to view and explore information on the World Wide Web
FTP (Microsoft Word)
File Transfer Protocol
HTML (Microsoft Word)
Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP (Microsoft Word)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
WHEN DO YOU USE PIE CHARTS in databases?
When you want to visually represent the proportional distribution of categorical data.
define HOME TAB IN SPREADSHEETS
contains essential tools for formatting text, aligning cells, applying borders and fills, and basic editing functions
define DATA TAB IN SPREADSHEETS
provides tools for sorting, filtering, analyzing, and managing data within tables or ranges.
define SORTING DATA in spreadsheets
the arranging of data in an ordered sequence. It systematically arranges data in groups; separated according to type.
WAYS TO SORT DATA in spreadsheets
General sort, Custom sort, Multi-level sort
WAYS TO FILTER DATA in spreadsheets
general filter & advanced filter
What is a relationship in database?
defines how tables are connected based on common keys
Define spreadsheet
A computer program that allows for the entry, automatic calculation and storage of data in the form of tables
Workbook (Spreadsheet)
Multiple spreadsheet worksheets make up a workbook
Worksheet
A single page in a workbook. It is made of of a grid of cells (rows and columns)
Cell
A single intersection between a column and a row
Cell Address
A combination of a column letter and row number used to identify a unique cell. For example, B5, C6, S7
Cell Range
A group of selected cells
Syntax
The specific order in which a function is written
What 4 data types can a spreadsheet cell contain?
Label, value, formula, function
Define FORMULA (spreadsheets)
A simple calculation that is used to achieve an answer in a spreadsheet.
Function (Spreadsheet)
A function is a predefined formula given by the spreadsheet that performs calculations using specific values in a particular order.
Database
A database is an electronically stored, systematic collection of data.
FIELD (Database)
A single column in a Database
RECORD (Database)
A single row in a Database
PRIMARY KEY (Database)
A field where values are unique so they can be used to identify a particular record.
SECONDARY KEY (Database)
A field whose values are NOT unique so a particular value may be identified in several records
COMPOSITE KEY (Database)
A combination of fields used to create a Primary Key
CANDIDATE KEY (Database)
A field that is considered a possibility for a primary key.
Form (Database)
User-friendly interface in a Database system. Can be used for inputting data or simply viewing data in a user-friendly way.
Sub-form (Database)
A form that links to the main form
Report (database)
Reports offer a way to view, format and summarize the information in your database
Website (Word)
A collection of web pages created by companies, organizations or individuals to share information.
Factors to consider when designing a website
To entertain
To educate and inform
To persuade
To sell goods and services
To collect feedback
To connect to family and friends
Note
Flashcard