Vocab (Unit 5)

adaptive immunity (acquired immunity) (n)

/əˈdæptɪv ɪˈmjuːnəti/

miễn dịch thích nghi, miễn dịch thu được

e.g. Adaptive immunity develops after exposure to antigens.

antibody (n)

/ˈæntɪˌbɒdi/

kháng thể

e.g. Antibodies help the body fight infections.

antigen (n)

/ˈæntɪdʒən/

kháng nguyên

e.g. Antigens trigger an immune response.

axillary node (n)

/ˈæksɪləri noʊd/

hạch bạch huyết dưới nách

e.g. Doctors check axillary nodes in breast cancer patients.

cell-mediated immunity (n)

/ˌsel ˈmiːdieɪtɪd ɪˈmjuːnəti/

miễn dịch qua trung gian tế bào

e.g. Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells.

cervical node (n)

/ˈsɜːrvɪkəl noʊd/

hạch bạch huyết cổ

e.g. Swollen cervical nodes may indicate infection.

complement system (n)

/ˈkɑːmplɪmənt ˌsɪstəm/

hệ thống bổ thể

e.g. The complement system enhances immune responses.

cytokine (n)

/ˈsaɪtəˌkaɪn/

cytokine

e.g. Cytokines regulate immune and inflammatory responses.

cytotoxic T cell (n)

/ˌsaɪtoʊˈtɑːksɪk tiː sel/

tế bào T gây độc

e.g. Cytotoxic T cells kill infected or cancerous cells.

dendritic cell (n)

/dɛnˈdrɪtɪk sel/

tế bào tua

e.g. Dendritic cells present antigens to T cells.

humoral immunity (n)

/ˈhjuːmərəl ɪˈmjuːnəti/

miễn dịch dịch thể

e.g. Humoral immunity involves antibody production.

immunoglobulin (n)

/ˌɪmjunoʊˈɡlɑːbjəlɪn/

globulin miễn dịch

e.g. Immunoglobulins are proteins that act as antibodies.

inguinal node (n)

/ˈɪŋɡwɪnəl noʊd/

hạch bạch huyết ở bẹn

e.g. Inguinal nodes can swell due to infection in the legs.

interferon (n)

/ˌɪntərˈfɪrɑːn/

hoạt chất interferon

e.g. Interferons are used in the treatment of viral infections.

interstitial fluid (n)

/ˌɪntərˈstɪʃəl fluːɪd/

dịch kẽ

e.g. Interstitial fluid surrounds tissue cells.

lymphoid organ (n)

/ˈlɪmfɔɪd ˈɔːrɡən/

cơ quan bạch huyết

e.g. The spleen is a lymphoid organ.

lymph node (n)

/lɪmf noʊd/

hạch bạch huyết

e.g. Lymph nodes filter harmful substances.

macrophage (n)

/ˈmækrəˌfeɪdʒ/

đại thực bào

e.g. Macrophages engulf and digest pathogens.

mediastinal node (n)

/ˌmiːdiəˈstaɪnəl noʊd/

hạch trung thất

e.g. Enlarged mediastinal nodes can indicate lymphoma.

mesenteric node (n)

/ˌmɛsənˈterɪk noʊd/

hạch mạc treo ruột

e.g. Mesenteric nodes are located in the abdomen.

para-aortic node (n)

/ˌpɛrəeɪˈɔːrtɪk noʊd/

hạch quanh động mạch chủ

e.g. Para-aortic nodes are often examined in cancer staging.

plasma cell (n)

/ˈplæzmə sel/

tương bào

e.g. Plasma cells produce antibodies.

suppressor T cell (n)

/səˈprɛsər tiː sel/

tế bào T ức chế

e.g. Suppressor T cells regulate immune response.

toxin (n)

/ˈtɑːksɪn/

độc tố

e.g. Bacterial toxins can damage tissues.

debris (n)

/dəˈbriː/

mảnh vỡ, mảnh vụn

e.g. Macrophages clear cellular debris.

drainage system (n)

/ˈdreɪnɪdʒ ˌsɪstəm/

hệ thống thoát nước

e.g. The lymphatic system acts like a drainage system.

sewage system (n)

/ˈsuːɪdʒ ˌsɪstəm/

hệ thống xử lý nước thải

e.g. A city’s sewage system prevents contamination.

sewer (n)

/ˈsuːər/

cống

e.g. Wastewater flows through the sewer.

thymus (n)

/ˈθaɪməs/

tuyến ức

e.g. The thymus is where T cells mature.