Chemical-Induced Mutagenesis

These flashcards cover key concepts about DNA, mutations, and chemical influences on mutagenesis.

What is the role of DNA in heredity?

DNA is the information molecule that codes for all the information that makes us unique.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes: 22 homologous pairs and 2 sex chromosomes.

What are the four bases that compose DNA?

The four bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).

What is a mutation?

A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA that can alter normal physiological functions.

What can cause a mutation in DNA?

Mutations can be caused by incorrect base pairing, environmental mutagens, or spontaneous cellular processes.

What is apoptosis?

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs under normal cellular conditions and in response to stress.

What does the Ames test detect?

The Ames test detects potential mutagenic properties of chemicals by observing mutations in bacterial strains.

What is a DNA adduct?

A DNA adduct is a bulky compound formed when chemical agents bind to DNA bases, potentially causing mutations.

How do alkylating agents affect DNA?

Alkylating agents add alkyl groups to bases, which can lead to mutations and are often used in chemotherapy.

What is benzo[a]pyrene and its significance?

Benzo[a]pyrene is a carcinogen found in tobacco smoke and grilled meats, known to form DNA adducts and cause mutations.