AP World Unit 1 Questions

Imperial Bureaucracy

Large organized government system that was a continuity in China from 221 B.C.E until 1911. Government officials were selected from civil service exam

Civil Service Exam

Rigorous exam which many young men would take if they wanted to get a job in the Chinese government. Required knowledge of Confucianism.

Filial piety

Confucian principle of respect and obedience to one's elders/ancestors

Neo-Confucianism

Syncretic religion with a central focus on Confucianism with some Taoist and Buddhist ideas. This religion became popular during the Song dynasty and spread to other East Asian states

Commercialized

Something created with the principal goal of making money (selling commercial goods)

Proto-industrialization

Economic transformation in which family and communal groups of artisans efficiently mass-produced goods by hand and with simple tools. This transformation occurred in China during the Song dynasty and enabled China to produce and trade large quantities of goods like porcelain, silk and steel.

Champa Rice

A quick-ripening and drought-resistant strain of rice developed in the Champa Kingdom in Vietnam and given to China as tribute. It massively expanded and improved Chinese rice production and led to massive population growth

Grand Canal

Cheap and efficient internal manamade Chinese waterway extending >30,00 miles. Construction first began during the Sui dynasty, but later dynasties, including the Song extended it. This waterway allowed people to efficiently ship goods throughout many regions in China, and therefore led to economic growth.

Abbasid Caliphate

A massive Islamic state that ruled from 750-1258 across areas of North Africa, the Middle East and parts of Europe. Ruled during the "Islamic Golden Age" and was known as a center of learning, culture and trade.

Turkic states

Various states controlled by ethnic Turks such as the Mamluks, Seljuks, Delhi Sultanate and Ottomans. They replaced the Abbasid Caliphate, and fragmented the Islamic world (smaller states; not a unified caliphate.)

Sufis

Mystic sect of Islam which seeks a direct and personal connection with God. It is easy to convert to and more flexible which made it spread easily and it contributed massively to Muslim missionary efforts.

House of Wisdom

renowned center of learning in Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate.

Bhakti Movement

A mystic sect of Hinduism, where Hindus focused on developing a strong attachment to a specific deity rather than emphasizing texts and rituals

Afro-Eurasia

The landmass that includes the continents of Africa, Europe and Asia

The Americas

The landmass that includes the continents of North and South America