NTA bank

Which institution reiterates the importance of accurate lead placement and selection of the appropriate lead to monitor:

AHA

While prepping the patient for cardiac monitoring, as recommended by AHA 2017, why would you place the limb electrodes for hospitalized patient receiving continues electrocardiographic monitoring on anterior torso of the patient

reduce potential for artifacts

Any abnormal wave, spike or movement or movement on ECG tracing that is not generated by electrical activity of the heart is:

**Artifact**

The most common monitoring problems are related to:

**All of the above**

The most common high voltage artifact is considered:

muscle movements when the patient turning in the bed

Second most common high voltage artifact is as a result of:

Patient is having seizure

Third most common high voltage artifact are resulting from

**gastric pacemaker**

Gastric pacemaker is approved for use in:

**Adult and pediatric patient**

Indications for placement of gastric pacemakers in adult and pediatric patient is:

Refractory gastroparesis

Fourth most common high voltage artifacts is results of:

Tall T wave

High voltage artifact showing tall T wave. What are the most common reason for tall T wave?

**High serum potassium level and AMI**

Poor contact between skin and electrodes, which might be cause as a result of dried, expired electrodes can activate:

Low rate alarm

Please identify and name the artifact:

Gastric pacemaker in pediatric patient

Low rate alarm is on. QRS complex shows low amplitude. What would be your solution?:

Turn up

Use tracing below. Identify the artifact below

**Low rate alarm**

Use tracing below. Identify the artifact below:

Somatic tremor

Use tracing below. Identify the artifact below:

Wondering baseline

Use tracing below. Identify the artifact below

A/C interference

Use tracing below. Identify artifact below:

Broken recording

Partial paralysis of the stomach in diabetic patient is:

gastroparesis

Any deviation from the normal pattern of the heart rate or rhythm is:

**arrythmia**

During arrythmia heart beats:

all of the above (too fast, too slow, and irregularly)

Arrythmias can occur when:

**all of the above**

Arrhythmias may be completely:

Harmless of life-threatening

Guidelines published by the AHA on November 7, 2017, it is recommended that adult arrhythmia patients receiving continuous cardiac monitoring have:

V1

Guidelines published by the AHA on November 7, 2017, it is recommended the pediatric arrhythmia patients receiving continuous cardiac monitoring have the:

lead II selected.

Natural pacemaker of the heart located in the upper back wall of the right atrium is:

SA node

The apex of the heart lies.

touching the diaphragm, pointing toward the left lung

This structure is the part of the conduction system that makes the ventricles contract.

Purkinje fibers

The cardiac cycle consists of

**systole and diastole**

Intrinsic firing rate for AV node is:

40-60 bpm

Another name for increased heart rate is

tachycardia

A pulse rate below 60 beats per minute is known as

bradycardia

A congenital anomaly, known as dextrocardia exist in which

left ventricle, left atrium, aortic arch is located on the right side

The heart is

a hollow muscular organ situated in thoracic cavity.

Decreased blood flow to a body part or organ, caused by constriction or blockage of the supplying artery is:

**ischemia**

The heart is located in

mediastinum

you are performing ECG on 47-year-old patient. ECG machine indicates the patient’s heart rate, 56. Heart rate of 56 is considered as:

bradycardia

Purkinje fibers can initiate electrical impulse and act as pacemaker if higher level such as SA anode and AV node fail. What is intrinsic firing rate of Purkinje fibers is:

20-40 bpm

A thrombolytic medication:

**dissolves clots**

CDC estimates by the year 2030 the number of Americans with A-fib will exceed:

12 million

Most common arrythmia in general population is:

**A-fib**

A-fib is generating:

irregularly irregular rate

A-fib is especially common in the:

**all of the above**

A heart specialist would be called a:

**cardiologist**

Which of the following terms means *pounding, racing heartbeat*?

**palpitations**

Which term means *a yellow fatty deposit of lipids in an artery*?

**plaque**

Which abbreviation is an arrhythmia

**A fib**

Which abbreviation stands for high blood pressure?

HTN

The complete stopping of heart activity is called:

**cardiac arrest**

In which condition is the heart muscle too weak to pump efficiently?

congestive heart failure

Which of the following conditions is caused by an inflamed vein causing the formation of blood clots within the vein?

thrombophlebitis

Which of the following diagnostic procedures is a blood test?

cardiac enzymes

Which of the following diagnostic procedures measures cardiac fitness?

**stress test**

Which surgical procedure uses a blood vessel obtained from another part of the body?

**coronary artery bypass graft**

Which procedure uses a heart-lung machine?

extracorporeal circulation

Which therapeutic device is used to treat ventricular fibrillation?

**implantable cardioverter-defibrillator**

A thrombus is:

a stationary clot forming inside a blood vessel.

A catheter is a flexible tube inserted into the body or blood vessels:

**True**

In the United States

1 in every 4 deaths is caused by Heart disease

The leading cause of death in United States is

**Heart Disease**

In United States, 1 person dies from heart disease every:

36 seconds

About _____ Americans die from heart disease each year

655,000

Atrial flutter is more likely to occur in people who have some form of heart disease or medical condition. Which of the following types of heart disease or conditions is/are most likely to cause atrial flutter?

**all of the above**

When atrial flutter occurs in people with a normal, healthy heart, it is called

lone atrial flutter

You are scheduled to monitor a patient on the Cardiothoracic floor. The patient recently had open heart surgery. Which of the following atrial arrhythmia would you anticipate in the first 24 hours

**atrial flutter**

The incidence of atrial flutter during a postoperative period following open heart surgery is:

**20-30%**

Which of the following waves is thought to represent the repolarization of the Purkinje fiber

U wave

A biphasic wave is

**a type of waveform across the isoelectric line with part of the wave being above the isoelectric line and part of the wave under the isoelectric line**

Which of the following waves occasionally presents in an ECG as a result of hypokalemia:

U wave

Which of the following is calculated by using the horizontal axis on an NSR ECG strip:

heart rate

Occasionally, deflection seen following T wave is the:

U wave

If present, the Q wave is a

negative wave

A wave form plus the segment represents a(n):

interval

The complex that indicates ventricular depolarization is the:

QRS complex

A complex represents:

several waveforms

The waves produced by myocardial depolarization and repolarization are recorded on EKG paper and like any wave , have  _______ as a chief characteristic(s):

all of the above

Normal sinus rhythm has:

60-100 beats per minute

TP interval represents:

atria and ventricle are in diastole

Premature atrial contraction (PAC) is commonly referred to as

all of the above (atrial premature complexes (APC), atrial premature beat (AEB), atrial extrasystole, and premature supraventricular complexes)

Premature atrial contraction when isolated are usually: 

benign condition

Premature atrial contraction (PACs) can present: 

all of the above (occasionally, in a regular pattern, in a sequence and disappear)

Focus (plural, foci) stands for

cardiac cell or group of cells that can produce ectopic beat

Risk factors for premature atrial complexes are classified as identifiable or idiopathic.   

Identifiable risk factors are:

**all of the above (**structural, chemical, and chronic conditions such as chronic heart failure)

The presence of premature atrial contraction, PACs, will make inherent regular rhythm into

**into an irregular rhythm.**

The P waves associated with PAC have different morphology, maybe: 

all of the above (flattened, notched, equiphasic or biphasic, and unusual shape or negative wave)

The characteristic pattern of premature atrial contraction, PAC is

the contraction that occurs “too soon”

When PACs is present, you must determine

underlying rhythm and type of premature atrial contractions, PACs

You are performing ECG on John Smith, the 57-year-old patient. ECG machine indicates premature atrial contraction, PACs with normal sinus regular. How would you document the event?  

**normal sinus rhythm with premature atrial contraction**

Trigeminy

**refers to a pattern in which every third complex is premature**

Bigeminy

refers to a pattern in which every second complex is premature

Which of the following atrial rhythm is left untreated can cause blood clots? 

atrial fibrillation

Occasional premature atrial contractions, PACs: 

has no clinical significance

Frequent premature atrial contractions, PACs, have been associated with:

all of the above (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and ischemic syndrome)

Contrary to popular belief, ___________is not considered as risk factor in incidence of PACs

**caffeine**

A waveform that has an uneven positive (upward) and negative (downward) deflection on the ECG tracing is

**biphasic**

When both positive and negative deflection is approximately equal, biphasic wave is considered

**equiphasic**

Natural pacemaker of the heart located in the upper back wall of the right atrium is

SA node

Structural abnormalities associated with premature atrial contractions is/are? 

all the above (septal defect, coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, and **valvular heart disease)**

The common features of arrhythmia include P waves that are absent, inverted, buried in the QRS, or retrograde:

**Junctional rhythm**