Health beliefs and behaviours

Health belief model - HBM

Components of HBM

Percieved susceptibility

believes they are at high risk = more likely to take preventative action

Percieved severity

The more severe the perceived consequences, the more motivated the person will be to avoid or manage the health threat.

Perceieved benefits

individual’s belief in the effectiveness of the advised health behavior to reduce the risk or severity of the health problem.

Percieved barriers

individual’s perception of the costs or obstacles that may prevent them from taking the recommended health action. These can include things like fear, inconvenience, financial cost, or lack of time

Cues to action

triggers that prompt individuals to take action.

Internal = symptoms

External = seeing an advert for smoking cessation, advice from a doctor

Self efficacy

People are more likely to engage in a health behavior if they feel confident they can successfully do it.

belief in one’s ability to successfully perform the recommended health behavior

Social Cognitive theory

highlights the ways in which individuals acquire and maintain new behaviors based on thei own experience and obervation of actions and results of others.

The following affect health behaviour and decisions:

• Self efficacy

• Behvioural capability

• Outcome expectations

• Self regulation

• Reinforcements and punishments

behavioural capability

If a person does not have the necessary knowledge or skills, they will be less likely to engage in the desired behavior

Outcome expectations

If individuals believe that the outcome will be positive and more immediate , they are more likely to engage in the behavior.

Self regulation

controlling one’s own behavior through self-monitoring, goal-setting, self-reward, and self-punishmen

Reinforcements and punishments

• Positive reinforcement (rewards) encourages the repetition of a behavior, while negative reinforcement (avoiding an unpleasant outcome) can also encourage behavior change.

• Punishment, on the other hand, can discourage behaviors.

integrative model of behavioural prediction

Follows social cognitive theory

Identifies a set of variables that can account for health related behaviour

Stage models of health behaviour

Stages of change model components

Theoreticl domains framework

Examples of changing health behaviour in phamacies

Smoking cessation

Weight loss

New medicines service

Medicine adherance