GCSE Geography: Bristol

Describe the location of Bristol

Bristol is located in the south-west of England, and is located along the M4 and M5

Describe the importance of Bristol

Has lots of important travel links:

-Positioned on the M4 corridor

-Great rail links

-Ferry services to Europe

Also a hub for many global industries + the base for many major companies

Give some of the positive impacts of migration in Bristol

-A hard-working and motivated workforce and contributes to the local economy

- Has a large cultural impact:

Bristol has 50 nationalities

e.g. St. Paul's Carnival (Afro-Carribean tradition) attracts 40 000 people/year

-Mainly young migrants help balance ageing population

Give some of the negative impacts of migration in Bristol

-Puts pressure on housing and employment

-Problem of providing education to children who cannot speak English

Describe the cultural opportunities in Bristol

-Vibrant underground music scene:

Colston Hall- concerts and entertainment

Bristol Old Vic, Tobacco Factory- plays, dance, opera

Describe sports in Bristol

-Two professional football teams in Bristol

-Rugby union team

-Headquarters of Gloucestershire County Cricket

-Developing stadiums to provide range of leisure + conference facilities

Describe shopping in Bristol

Older retail parks?

New?

Developments?

-Cribbs Causeway:

out-of-town

outdated

-Cabot Circus:

Opened 2008

$500 mil

Shops, offices, cinema, hotel

-Developments to encourage people to come back to CBD:

1. Pedestrianising the area

2. Aesthetic shopping environment

3. Open street markets

4. Improving public transport

How has Bristol's industry changed?

Traditional:

-Based on port

-Cigarettes from tobacco in West Indies

-Sherry from Bordeaux

Now:

-Major developments in tertiary and quaternary

-Unemployment rate below avg.

What and why have high-tech industries developed in Bristol?

What:

-Aardman Animations

-Toshiba

-Huawei

-Other firms in robotics, 3D printing

Why:

-$100 mil. grant for high broadband speeds

-Close links between city council + uni

-Educated + skilled workforce

-Non-polluted envir.

Describe changes that created economic opportunities in Bristol (1/3)

1. Aardman Animations

-Based in Bristol

-Well known for films using stop motion clay animation techniques

-Entered computer animation market

Describe changes that created economic opportunities in Bristol (2/3)

2. Defence Procurement Agency

-Employs 10 000+ people

-Established on greenfield site

-Supplies army, air force, navy

-More housing needed as numbers employed increased

= urban sprawl

Describe changes that created economic opportunities in Bristol (3/3)

3. Aerospace industry

-14 of 15 main global aircraft companies found in Bristol region

e.g. Rolls-Royce, Airbus

-Hubs for aviation technology

-Produces parts for aircraft + electronic systems

Describe Bristol's integrated transport system

-Electrification of the rail line to London reduced journey time to 70 mins

-A Rapid Transit Network inc. three bus routes

-57% walk/cycle, more than any UK city

Describe urban greening in Bristol

-More than one-third of Bristol is open space

-Over 90% of people live within 350m of parkland/waterways

-8 nature reserves

-Over 300 parks in the city

Describe green initiatives for the city

-27% of city to be part of wildlife network

-30% of city to be covered with trees

-Housing development at Portbury Wharf with nature reserve

Describe environmental challenges in Bristol

-Unused industrial buildings = derelict

-New homes = urban sprawl

Describe inequalities in housing in Bristol

Stoke Bishop- 81% of the housing is owner accompanied

Filwood- equal split in owner-accompanied homes and council-owned properties

Describe inequalities in education in Bristol

Stoke Bishop- 94% of 16-year-olds got the highest grades in 5 or more GCSEs and 50% of the population have a degree Filwood- 36% of students will achieve top grades in their GCSEs

Describe inequalities in healthcare in Bristol

Stoke Bishop- life expectancy is 83years (above the city's avg.)

Filwood-

-life expectancy is just 78 (below the city's avg);

-residents have the lowest participation in active sports in the city

-have poor access to fresh produce

Describe inequalities in employment in Bristol

Stoke Bishop- 3% of people are unemployed

Filwood -

one-third of people aged 16-24 unemployed

over half of these are either long-term unemployed or have never worked

Describe the Bristol and Bath green belt

-Set up to prevent urban sprawl on rural-urban fringe

-Local authorities in charge of planning on protected land

Describe housing developments on greenfield sites (problems)

-Encouraged by govt. policy due to shortage of houses

e.g. Harry Stoke development

-Impacts of ecology

-Impact on existing community facilities

-Effect of development on local flood risk

-Increased congestion + bad air quality

Describe housing developments on brownfield sites (benefits)

e.g. Bristol Harbourside

-Previously derelict due to closure of industries

-Buildings preserved

-Re-developed

-In the city centre

Describe waste disposal in Bristol

Problems?

Aim?

Solutions?

Problem:

City produces over half a mil. tonnes of waste/year

Aim:

-Reducing amount of waste generated + sent to landfill sites

-Increasing waste recycling

Solutions:

-Teaching pupils about importance of recycling at school

-Kerbside collections

-Technological improvements in recycling

Describe Bristol's atmospheric pollution

Problems?

Improvements?

Problems:

-From vehicle emissions

-Most congested city in England

Improvments:

-Made into smoke control area

-Reducing speeds limits on motorways

-App about public transport

-Frome Gateway = walking/cycling route to city center