Philippine Propaganda, Revolution, Poetry Elements & Persuasion

A comprehensive set of question-and-answer flashcards that review the Propaganda and Himagsikan periods, key Filipino revolutionaries and writers, elements of poetry, and classical as well as modern persuasive techniques.

During which years did the Philippine Propaganda Period take place?

From 1872 to 1896.

What primary goal did Filipinos pursue during the Propaganda Period instead of immediate independence?

They sought civil rights and reforms under Spanish rule.

How did the Propagandistas wage their struggle against Spain?

Through peaceful, persuasive writing and publications.

Which two novels did José Rizal author that exposed Spanish abuses?

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

What were José Rizal’s two most-used pen names?

“Laong-Laan” and “Dimasalang.”

Who edited La Solidaridad under the pen name “Plaridel”?

Marcelo H. del Pilar.

Give two other pen names of Marcelo H. del Pilar besides “Plaridel.”

“Puhdoh” and “Piping Dilat.”

From which Bulacan town did Mariano Ponce come?

Baliwag.

Name one pen name used by Mariano Ponce.

“Tikbalang,” “Naning,” or “Kalipulako.”

Who was the first editor of La Solidaridad?

Graciano López Jaena.

Which satire by Graciano López Jaena criticized Spanish friars?

Fray Botod.

Which revolutionary leader was called the “Supremo” of the Katipunan?

Andrés Bonifacio.

What is the full Filipino name of the organization founded by Andrés Bonifacio?

Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK).

On what date and where was Andrés Bonifacio executed?

May 10, 1897, in Maragondon, Cavite.

When and where was Andrés Bonifacio born?

November 30, 1863, in Tondo, Manila.

What poem by Andrés Bonifacio centers on patriotic love?

“Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa.”

Who is known as the “Brain of the Philippine Revolution”?

Apolinario Mabini.

Who is regarded as the “Brain of the Katipunan”?

Emilio Jacinto.

In what year did the Philippine Himagsikan (Revolutionary) period begin?

1896.

In poetry, what is the term for the speaker or voice of the poem?

Persona.

What is meant by ‘first-person point of view’ in a poem?

The poet speaks as “I,” referring to themself directly.

Define ‘tugma’ in Filipino poetry.

Rhyme—the similarity of ending sounds in lines.

What does ‘sukat’ refer to?

The number of syllables per line in a stanza.

Give two common syllable counts used in traditional Filipino verse.

Twelve, sixteen, or eighteen syllables (any two).

What is ‘talinghaga’ in poetry?

Figurative or metaphorical language that deepens meaning.

What aspect of a poem is described by its ‘tono’?

Its emotional tone or mood.

What is a ‘saknong’?

A stanza—a group of lines in a poem.

What is a ‘taludtod’?

A single line of a stanza.

According to Aristotle, what are the three classical modes of persuasion?

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.

Which persuasive mode relies on the speaker’s credibility?

Ethos.

Which persuasive mode appeals primarily to emotions?

Pathos.

Which persuasive mode is grounded in logic and factual evidence?

Logos.

Among evidence types, which is considered the most objective?

Factual events (pangyayari).

Which propaganda device attaches negative labels to an opponent or product?

Name Calling.

What propaganda device uses impressive but vague slogans to dazzle audiences?

Glittering Generalities.

Which propaganda device tries to transfer the prestige of a respected symbol to a product?

Transfer.

When a celebrity directly endorses a product, which propaganda device is at work?

Testimonial.

Which propaganda device involves politicians acting as ordinary citizens to win trust?

Plain Folks.

What propaganda technique shows only a product’s positive features, hiding negatives?

Card Stacking.

Which device (labeled “Card Stacking” in the notes) persuades by claiming that the majority already use the product?

Bandwagon effect (referred to as Card Stacking in the notes).