subcellular structures

nucleus

contains genetic material that controls activities of cell

cytoplasm

gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen with enzymes that control these reactions

cell membrane

holds cell together and controls what goes in and out

mitochondria

most of respiration reactions happen

ribosomes

translation of genetic material in protein synthesis

rigid cell wall

made of cellulose and supports cell and strengthens it

large vacuole

contains cell sap - weak solution of sugar and salts. maintains internal pressure to support cell

chloroplasts

where photosynthesis happens. contain chlorophyll

chromosomal dna

controls cell’s activities and replication. floats free in cytoplasm

plasmid dna

small loops of extra dna that aren’t part of chromosome. plasmids contain genes which are passed between bacteria