Bio 111 Final Cal Poly

During the process of photosynthesis, plants take _______ and water and convert it into _______ releasing oxygen as a by-product.

Carbon Dioxide ; Glucose

Carbon dioxide is deposited into the atmosphere when ________ _______ are burned.

Fossil Fuels

Select all the following that are considered to be biomolecules.

Fats, Carbohydrates and Proteins

The cycling of carbon and non carbon based molecules in the biosphere from living components to non-living components and back is referred to as?

Carbon cycle

Select all of the components that make up one molecule of carbon dioxide.

one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms

The organelle in which photosynthesis occurs is called?

Chloroplast

The organelle within plant cells that is responsible for photosynthesis is called?

Chloroplast

Which of the following provides the best description of global climate change?

As greenhouse gases continue to trap heat in our atmosphere, the Earth is seeing an overall warming trend that is impacting weather patterns.

Which of the following best describes how atoms form bonds with other atoms.

Atoms share, give , or take electrons from other atoms , creating chemical bonds.

Select all of the following processes that release carbon into the atmosphere.

Cellular respiration, burning of fossil fuels, decomposition of dead plants and animals.

How many bonds can a carbon atom make?

Carbon can make between one and four bonds with other atoms.

Chemicals are always being cycled within ecosystems in pathways called ________ cycles.

Biogeochemical

Plants take up Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through?

Photosynthesis

Biomes are terrestrial ______ characterized by their plant life, climate, and geography.

Ecosystems

Which of the following influence the distribution of biomes?

Temperature and Precipitation

Freshwater and saltwater are classified as _______ ecosystems.

aquatic

Alternative energy sources are called such because they do not produce as much (or any) ________ compared to fossil fuels.

Carbon Dioxide

Which of the following are considered to be alternative sources of energy?

Geothermal energy and Solar energy

Which of the following is considered to be a large carbon sink, or a stored reservoir of carbon?

Fossil Fuels

Select all of the following that are used for mass energy production in the United States?

Solar panels, wind mills

Select all of the following that are examples of a terrestrial ecosystems.

Rocky desert, woodland forest

Which of the actions described would be most likely to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?

Increase carbon sinks in the ocean and soil.

Select all the following examples of invasive species.

Kudzu and Gypsy moths

Terrestrial ecosystems are those found on/in?

Land

Select all the following that are examples of aquatic ecosystems.

riparian wetlands, deep ocean thermal vent

How can a carbon footprint best be described?

Calculation of the amount of carbon one's actions release into the atmosphere

Which of the following factors is responsible for the greatest number of extinctions in the United States?

Habitat loss

Gases that increase reradiation of solar heat in the atmosphere are called __________ gases ?

Greenhouse gases

Which of the following best describes glaciers?

Glaciers are slow- moving rivers of ice and snow and rock, often found at the base of mountains near the poles.

Select all of the following gases that contribute to greenhouse gases.

Methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides

When heat is trapped by the atmosphere around the Earth, this leads to the _______ effect.

greenhouse

Slow- moving rivers of ice and snow found near mountains or the poles are called?

glaciers

When the ocean becomes acidified, or undergoes the process of acidification , what happens to the Ph?

It lowers, meaning it becomes more acidic

Which of the following CAN'T be used by the body to directly produce energy?

Water

True or False: Carbohydrates have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:4:1 ratio. Glucose sugar which has a molecular formula C6H24O6, is an example.

False

The word "lysis" means

To break apart.

Many amino acids joined together form a?

Protein

Within ecosystems, energy ______ and chemicals ________.

Flows: is/are recycled

The law of conservation of energy, or the _________ law of thermodynamics, pertains to the amount of energy present in the universe. It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; It is, instead, transferred or transformed.

first

Select all of the following that may be found on the nutritional facts label of a supplemental product.

Serving size, ingredients, fat content

From the following list, select those that are organic molecules

Cholesterol, the amino acid (glycine), glucose sugar

Select all of the following actions that occur within cells that require energy.

Muscle contractions, cell divisions, relaying nerve impulses

Fats,oils,and cholesterol are nutrient molecules called?

Lipids

True or False: Once molecules are joined together through a chemical reaction, they cannot be separated again.

True

The ultimate source of energy for life on planet Earth is _________ energy.

Solar

Select all (3) components that are found in all amino acids.

Amino group, variable R group, carboxyl group

Which of the following is most directly responsible for the specific properties of a molecule.

the functional groups that are attached to it.

Animals obtain chemical energy from?

The foods they eat

From the following list, select those that are good sources of dietary protein.

red meat, including beef and venison, chicken , eggs and other poultry

The organelle within a cell that is responsible for using solar energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, releasing oxygen, is called?

Chloroplasts

A substrate binds to the _________ site of an enzyme.

active

Which of the following are accessory organs associated with the digestive system ?

gallbladder, pancreas and liver

which of the four classes of biomolecules do most enzymes belong to?

proteins

Proteins are broken down into amino acids through __________ reactions.

hydrolysis

The overall goal of the digestive system is to allow ________ to be broken down into _______ that can then be used elsewhere in the body.

Polymers; monomers

Groups of tissues that work together to perform a single function in the body are called?

organs

Once proteins are broken down into amino acids, the individual amino acids can be reused to form other proteins through ___________ reactions.

dehydration synthesis

The appearance of an organism is called its ?

phenotype

The reduction and division of a cell, resulting in four haploid daughter cells is called?

Meiosis

DNA is compacted and organized into dense, threadlike structures called?

chromosomes

Gregor Mendell used ________ to study the laws of inheritance.

Pea Plants

Humans have __________ pair(s) of autosomal chromosomes and __________ pair(s) of sex chromosomes.

22; 1

which choice describes incomplete dominance?

the heterozygous individual shows a phenotype between that of an individual homozygotic for either allele

An allele that makes the expression of an alternate form of that same gene is called a _________ allele.

Dominant

select all of the following that are part of the respiratory system

alveoli, lungs and diaphragm

The overall goal of translation within a cell?

Use the mRNA construct to create a polypeptide strand of amino acids.

Hemoglobin is a proteinaceous molecule that binds to and carries ________ in red blood cells.

oxygen

The entire collection of an organism' genetic material is referred to as its?

Genome

Hemoglobin is a __________ molecule that binds to and transports oxygen for the body.

protein

Which of the following are components of CRISPR? select all that apply.

Cas9 enzyme , guide RNA and PAM sequence.

The manipulation of specific genes to treat or cure disease is referred to as ?

gene therapy

Organic compounds that are not carbohydrates, fats , or proteins, that the body cannot make but are needed by the body for metabolic purposes are called?

vitamins

During the evolution of life, the first cells to arise were thought to be ?

Prokaryotic cells

A solution is composed of a ____________ dissolved in a ___________.

solute; solvent

The molecule that serves as the energy currency of cells is abbreviated ______ ?

ATP

Select all of the components that are found in prokaryotic cells.

Plasma membrane and ribosomes

The phospholipids within the plasma membrane have two parts: a __________ phosphate and glycerol "head" and two _________ fatty acid "tells".

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

True or False: Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA that is separate from the genetic material present in the nucleus of all cells.

True

which of the following molecules will provide the most ATP energy through the aerobic pathways of cellular respiration?

Glucose

Choose the characteristics that are common to cancer cells.

lack differentiation, form tumors, do not undergo apoptosis, abnormal nuclei

Angiogenesis is ?

formation of new blood vessels promoted by secretions from cancer cells.

A(n) ________ is made up of several types of tissues.

organ

Telomeres can be rebuilt via the action of the enzyme ________ .

Telomerase

Cells that pile on top of each other in multiple layers form a _____ ?

Tumor

Two or more organs working together to carry out a specific function is a(n) ?

organ system

The genetic material for all living things is ?

DNA

Select all of the following that compose a DNA nucleotide ?

Deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen -containing base and phosphate group

Select all of the following organelles that play a role in the synthesis of proteins.

Nucleus, ribosomes and fought endoplasmic reticulum

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase

The overall main purpose of DNA is to ?

carry the instruction for making proteins

What is the structure of hemoglobin?

hemoglobin is a complex protein that is composed of four smaller protein subunits.

Select all of the following agricultural crops that a are commonly genetically modified.

cotton, corn and soybeans

A modification that allows an organism to be better suited to its environment is called a(n) _________?

adaption

All of the following are components of natural selection EXCEPT?

During their lifetime, animals acquire characteristics that are passed on to future generations.

At what level of biological organization does evolution occur?

organism or individual

The prefix "cis-" means?

same

The influenza virus is though to have originated in ________?

prokaryotes, such as bacteria

Toxins that are contained within the cell wall of bacteria and released upon cell damage are called?

endotoxins

True or False: It takes thousands of years to see evolution in viruses?

False

Currently, the world's population is growing at a rate ?

between 1.0% and 1.2%