Music Theory Unit 1: Fundamentals 1

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44 Terms

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Pitch

The frequency/height of a sound, measured in hertz or Hz.

<p>The frequency/height of a sound, measured in hertz or Hz.</p>
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Musical pitches

Named after letters A-G.

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Orchestras tune using A4

Which is at 440 Hz.

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Melody

A deliberate sequencing of pitches through time.

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the grand staff

A notation system that combines the treble and bass clefs, used for piano music and other instruments.

<p></p><p></p><p>A notation system that combines the treble and bass clefs, used for piano music and other instruments. </p>
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Intensity

The amplitude of a sound(wave); how loud or soft a sound is), measured in decibels or dB.

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Pianissimo

Very soft (pp).

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Piano

Soft (p).

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Mezzo Piano

Moderately soft (mp).

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Mezzo Forte

Moderately loud (mf).

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Forte

Loud.

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Fortissimo

Very loud.

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Rhythmic Values

The duration of a note is dependent on the rhythmic value, meter, and tempo.

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Dot (augmented dot)

Increases the duration of the note by half the note value.

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Dotted quarter note

Equals 3 eighth notes.

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Dotted half note

Equals 3 quarter notes.

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Note values

Whole, half, quarter, eighth, sixteenth.

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note values and equivalent rests

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Meter

The grouping of strong and weak beats.

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Simple meter

Beats are divisible by 2.

<p>Beats are divisible by 2.</p>
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Compound meter

Beats are divisible by 3.

<p>Beats are divisible by 3.</p>
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Duple meter

2 beats per measure.

<p>2 beats per measure.</p>
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Triple meter

3 beats per measure.

<p>3 beats per measure.</p>
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Quadruple meter

4 beats per measure.

<p>4 beats per measure.</p>
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Sharp (#)

Raises the note by a semitone.

<p>Raises the note by a semitone.</p>
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Flat (b)

Lowers the note by a semitone.

<p>Lowers the note by a semitone.</p>
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Natural (♮)

Cancels a sharp flat; applies for one whole measure.

<p>Cancels a sharp flat; applies for one whole measure.</p>
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Double sharps

Raise note twice or by a whole step.

<p>Raise note twice or by a whole step.</p>
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Double flats

Lower by a whole step.

<p>Lower by a whole step.</p>
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Writing accidentals

Always written before the note in music; after the note in writing.

<p>Always written before the note in music; after the note in writing.</p>
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Tempo

The speed of a piece of music, measured in bpm.

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Grave

Tempo <40 bpm.

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Adagio

Tempo 40-60 bpm.

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Andante

Tempo 60-76 bpm.

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Moderato

Tempo 76-108 bpm.

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Allegretto

Tempo 108-120 bpm.

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Allegro

Tempo 120-160 bpm.

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Presto

Tempo >160 bpm.

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Functional names for scale degrees

1 (do) - tonic, 2 (re) - supertonic, 3 (mi) - mediant, 4 (fa) - subdominant, 5 (sol) - dominant, 6 (la) - submediant, 7 (ti) - leading tone/subtonic.

<p>1 (do) - tonic, 2 (re) - supertonic, 3 (mi) - mediant, 4 (fa) - subdominant, 5 (sol) - dominant, 6 (la) - submediant, 7 (ti) - leading tone/subtonic.</p>
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Subtonic

Lower form of scale degree 7 in minor; a whole step between the tonic.

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Leading tone

Scale degree 7 in major; raised form of degree 7 in the harmonic; half step below the tonic.

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Tetrachord

A series of 4 notes.

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Major tetrachord

Whole, whole, half, whole.

<p>Whole, whole, half, whole.</p>
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Major scale

Consists of 2 major tetrachords: tonic and dominant.

<p>Consists of 2 major tetrachords: tonic and dominant.</p>