Human Clinical A&P Quiz 1 (Body Planes & Integument)

Anatomical Position

Anatomical Position

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body

Left and right refer to:

the patient's left and right

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Anterior

(ventral) Front

Posterior

(dorsal) Back

Medial

toward the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

Superficial

near the surface

Deep

away from the surface

Hand: dorsal

back of hand

Hand: palmar

palm side of hand

Foot: dorsal

top of foot

Foot: plantar

bottom of foot

Proximal

close to the body

Distal

far from the origin of the body part

Major divisions of the body

Axial and Appendicular

Axial Divison

head, neck, trunk

Appendicular

limbs (arms & legs)

Major body regions

cephalic/cranial, cervical, back/dorsal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic/pubic, upper limbs, lower limbs

Cephalic/cranial

head

Frontal

forehead

Orbital

eye cavity

Nasal

nose

Buccal

cheek

Mental

chin

Otic

ear

Occipital

back of head

Cervical

neck

Back/dorsal

back

Scapular

shoulder blade

Vertebral

spinal column region

Lumbar

lower back

Sacral

between hips

Gluteal

buttock

Perineal

region between the anus and external genitalia

Thoracic

chest

Sternal

sternum

Axillary

armpit

Mammary

pertaining to the breast

Abdominal

abdomen

Pelvic

pelvis region

Inguinal

groin

Acromial

point of shoulder

Brachial

upper arm

Antecubital

front of elbow

Olecranal

back of elbow

Antebrachial

forearm

Carpal

wrist

Manus

hand

Metacarpals

hand bones

palmar

palm

Pollex

thumb

digital

fingers

Coxal

hip

Femoral

thigh

Patellar

kneecap

Popliteal

back of knee

Crural

leg

Sural

calf

Fibular

lateral part of leg

peroneal

side of leg (general)

Pedal

foot

Tarsal

ankle

Calcaneal

heel

Metatarsal

top of foot

hallux

big toe

Body planes

imaginary lines drawn through the body at various parts to separate the body into sections

Sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

midsagittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left sides

Parasagittal plane

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

Frontal (coronal) plane

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Which is the most common plane used in imagining?

Transverse

Oblique

slanting, diagonal, least common plane

body cavities

spaces within the body that contain vital organs

Two sets of body cavities

Dorsal and Ventral

Dorsal cavity

cranial (brain) and vertebral (spine)

Ventral

thoracic (heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic (digestive viscera, urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum)

Cranial

encases brain

Vertebral cavity

encases spinal cord

What is the divider of the ventral body cavity?

Diapgragm

Ventral cavity is divided into:

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs, surrounded by ribs and muscle of chest

Pleural cavity

contains the lungs, bilateral cavities

Mediastinum

Centrally located space between the lungs, pericardial cavity

Pericardial cavity

holds the heart

Superior mediastinal cavity

contains the esophagus, trachea and superior greater vessels

Quadrants

abdominopelvic region sectioned into quarters

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

liver, gallbladder

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

stomach, spleen

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

appendix, ovaries

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

intestine

Abdominopelvic regions

Nine divisions used primarily by anatomists

1

right hypochondriac region

2

epigastric region

3

left hypochondriac region

4

right lateral region (lumbar)

5

umbilical region

6

left lateral (lumbar) region