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Imperialism
The policy of domination or strengthening by European powers over subject territories overseas.
Colonialism
Taking over an area and setting up a government with the purpose of controlling everything.
Age of Imperialism
The period from 1850 to 1914 characterized by the European colonization of Africa, South Asia, China, and Australia.
Social Darwinism
The belief that Europeans are superior to Africans, justifying imperialism.
Nationalism
The desire to hold territory to be considered the most powerful nation.
Economic Imperialism
A form of imperialism where nations compete to control markets and resources for industrial growth.
Protectorate
A region where local governments remain in place but are under the control of another nation, typically in economic matters.
Sphere of Influence
An area where a foreign power has exclusive trading rights.
Sepoy Rebellion
An uprising against British rule in India initiated by Indian soldiers (sepoys) due to cultural and religious insensitivity.
Yaa Asantewaa War
The final Asante uprising against British rule in 1900, led by Yaa Asantewaa to protect the Golden Stool.
Scramble for Africa
The rapid colonization of Africa by European powers during the late 19th century following the Berlin Conference.
Manifest Destiny
The 19th-century doctrine that it was the divine right of the United States to expand its territory across North America.
Trail of Tears
The forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from their homelands to designated 'Indian Territory' in the 1830s.
Berlin Conference
An 1884 conference where European powers divided Africa among themselves without any African representation.
Cecil Rhodes
An influential British imperialist and businessman, founder of De Beers mining company, associated with the exploitation of African resources.
Indian Removal Act
A law passed in 1830 that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes to land west of the Mississippi River.
Belgian Congo
The territory in Africa that was personally controlled by King Leopold II, marked by extreme exploitation and atrocities.
US Expansionism
The policy of territorial or economic expansion to acquire land and influence, exemplified by the Mexican-American War.
Economic Competition
The rivalry between industrial nations to control raw materials and markets for their products.
Hausa Kingdoms
Historical kingdoms in Nigeria, which were challenged and eventually overthrown by the Sokoto Caliphate.
Mughal Empire
The empire in India that was weakened by British colonization and ultimately dismantled by the British East India Company.
Filipino-American War
A conflict between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries that followed the Spanish-American War.
