Unit 2: Early River Civilizations I: Civilizations of Mesopotamia and the Rise of Judaism | SECTION 2

____ conquered neighboring city-states to form the ______.

Sargon of Akkad, 1st empire.

What happened to Akkad after Sargon died?

His empire was broken up by other invaders.

What was Hammurabi’s Code?

It was a set of 282 laws that were codified. Hammurabi wanted to ensure that everyone knew the legal principles his government would follow.

What empire did Hammurabi rule over?

Babylon.

What was the purpose of Hammurabi’s Code?

It was created to establish social order, govern people’s behavior, and keep people accountable.

What are civil laws?

Laws that deal with private or matters.

What are criminal laws?

Laws dealing with offenses against other.

What were the Hittites known for?

They were known for having the secret of being able to extract iron from ore. Eventually this secret was spread, an example of cultural diffusion.

What were the Assyrians known for?

The Assyrians were known for their fierce warriors and iron weapons. They were also known for the first library in Nineveh, created by King Assurbanipal.

What kind of person was King Nebuchadnezzar and what did he build?

King Nebuchadnezzar was an aggressive and ruthless king and he rebuilt canals, temples, walls, and palaces and built the Hanging Gardens.

What empire took over Babylon?

The Persian empire by leader, Cyrus the Great. Cyrus’ successors eventually created the largest empire (India, Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Pakistan, and Afghanistan)

What empire did Darius rule?

Darius ruled The Persian empire.

What contributions did Darius make to Persia?

He divided the empire into provinces (satrapy), with each one having their own governor. Each satrapy also had to pay taxes. He drew up a single code of law. He built and repaired hundreds of miles of roads to communicate with different parts of the empire. Lastly, Darius’ capital moved in order to celebrate local festivals with everyone.

Why did King Darius move his capital?

King Darius did this in order to control rebellions and to connect with the people and show that he cared about everyone’s local customs and traditions.

How did King Darius improve the economic life?

He created a common system of weight and measures. He also adopted the coined money (money economy) from the Lydians, replacing the barter economy.

Where was the Phoenician empire?

It occupied a string of cities along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Syria, Lebanon).

What were the Phoenicians famous for?

They were famous for their sailing, trading, and manufacturing. They were also known for making glass from sand and purple dye from a sea snail.

What did the Phoenicians establish?

They established an alphabet which was later adapted by the Geeks who added vowel sounds.