Vocab Set TEST

analogous

=? anomalous

indices of

→ index

a sign or measure that something else can be judged by

• The number of new houses being built is a good index of a country's prosperity

repudiate

reject

condone

forgive, pardon, overlook

querulously ~ peevishly

irritably

incessant

~ constant

• incessant noise/rain/chatter

• incessant meetings

segue

to move smoothly from one song, subject, place, etc. to another

• a spiritual that segued into a singalong chorus

• He then segued into a discussion of atheism

authoritative

​showing that you expect people to obey and respect you

• an authoritative tone of voice

​that you can trust and respect as true and correct

• the most authoritative book on the subject

stymie

~ hinder, impede, hamper, obstruct, foil (bad acts)

~ FORESTALL

• He found himself stymied by an old opponent.

• Financial difficulties have stymied the company’s growth

outstrip

~ surpass, exceed (be superior)

• Demand is outstripping supply

=0 transcend

transcend

~ surpass, exceed the usual limit of st

• His works by far transcend anything that has gone before.

• What we felt for each other transcended all other emotions

incongruous

→ incongruity

inappropriateness

subdue

(1) defeat

• Troops were called in to subdue the rebels

(2) to calm or control your feelings ~ suppress

• Julia had to subdue an urge to stroke his hair

velocity

the speed of something in a particular direction

• the velocity of light

• to gain/lose velocity

• a high-velocity rifle

denote

~ indicate

renounce

to state officially that you are no longer going to keep a title, position, etc.

~ give up

• to renounce a claim/title/privilege/right

• Will Charles renounce the throne in favour of his son?

• The Prince has refused to renounce his right to the throne

obliterate

to remove all signs of something, either by destroying or covering it completely

• The fog extended its tentacles over city and river, gradually obliterating traces of familiar landscapes

convergence

→ converge A and B

learnt before

merge 2 different thing/idea meet each other

capitalise on (=0 capitalise)

take advantage of

abrupt

sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasant way

• an abrupt change/halt/departure

• The accident brought his career to an abrupt end

oblivious

→ obliviousness

KHÁC oblivion: Oblivion is a state of being completely forgotten or destroyed, while obliviousness is the state of being unaware or not noticing something

~ unaware, ignorant, uninformed

oblivious (to something) You eventually become oblivious to the noise.

• The couple seemed oblivious to what was going on around them.

• oblivious (of something) He drove off, oblivious of the damage he had caused

oblivion

Oblivion is a state of being completely forgotten or destroyed, while obliviousness is the state of being unaware or not noticing something

(1) obliviousness

(2) ~ obscurity

• Most of his inventions have been consigned to oblivion

disperse

distribute or spread over a wide area

forestall

~ obstruct ~ stymie

hinder, impede, hamper, obstruct

to prevent something from happening or somebody from doing something by doing something first

• Try to anticipate what your child will do and forestall problems.

subvert

~ undermine

• The film subverts notions of male and female identity

predispose ~ inclined (1)

to influence somebody to believe

• He believes that some people are predisposed to criminal behavior

satiate

give someone so much of something that they dont want it anymore

• He drank greedily until his thirst was satiated

esoteric

~ obscure

likely to be understood or enjoyed by only a few people with a special knowledge or interest

• a programme of music for everyone, even those with the most esoteric taste

pays lip service to something

say that they approve of it or support it, without proving their support by what they actually do

• All the parties pay lip service to environmental issues.

nói suông

keep the lid on

​to keep something hidden/ under control

• The government is keeping the lid on inflation.

• He struggled to keep the lid on his anger

tip the balance/scales

(also swing the balance)

​to affect the result of something in one way rather than another

• In an interview, smart presentation can tip the scales in your favour

• Preserving biodiversity not only preserve natural beauty but also tips the scales of ecological balance, which is vital for sustaining life on earth

làm nghiêng cán cân

strike/touch a chord (with somebody)

make people feel sympathy or enthusiasm

• The speaker had obviously struck a chord with his audience

buttress (v)

~ support, bolster

• The sharp increase in crime seems to buttress the argument for more police officers on the street.

constrict

→ constriction

~ inhibit, restrict, circumscribe

(2) to limit what somebody is able to do

• Filmmakers of the time were constricted by the censors.

• constricting rules and regulations

=0 forestall, stymie

proxy

→ proxy role

an alternative

tinker (with something)

to make small changes to something in order to repair or improve it, especially in a way that may not be helpful

• tinkering his novel and studies after the initial publication

• The government is merely tinkering at the edges of a much wider problem

emblematic of

~ representative, typical, symbolic

notional

based on a guess, estimate or theory; not existing in reality

One popular theory of the origin of the Moon, the "big whack," posits that a protoplanet called Theia collided with Earth, flinging debris into orbit that eventually coalesced into the Moon. Until recently, Theia was _____ , but researcher Qian Yuan and colleagues now claim to have identified pieces of the protoplanet in the lowermost section of Earth's mantle.

fortitude

bravery, courage

perturbation

(1) the state of feeling anxious about something

This might suggest his films are boring, but boredom does not always cause sleep: boredom creates an anxious tension in the absence of a place to fix attention, and thus induces not somnolence but ______

(2) a small change in the quality, behaviour or movement of something

harbinger

forewarning, portent (điềm bảo of st bad)

=/ a good/bad omen

equivocal

→ unequivocal

ambiguous

→ unambiguous

transpose

transfer / reverse

palatable

(1) ​(of food or drink) having a pleasant or acceptable taste

• Hospitals must serve palatable and healthy food

(2) pleasant or acceptable to somebody

• Some of the dialogue has been changed to make it more palatable to an American audience.

noxious

poisonous, harmful

pique

“As time went on, [Avey's] indifference to things began to pique me; I was ambitious. I left [our small hometown] earlier than she did.”

(1) ~ wound

to make somebody annoyed or upset, hurting their emotion

• The incident piqued his pride.

(2) pique somebody’s interest, curiosity, etc.

​to make somebody very interested in something

fussiness

"Then let no one turn with too much [fussiness] from the simple story of the humble Elleanor, though it may contain few, or none, of the thrilling charms of poetry and passion."

behaviour that is too concerned or worried about details or standards, especially unimportant ones

→ kén chọn

slumber

~sleep 

"Blessed are the slumbers of the innocent! They are kindlier than balm, and they refresh and gladden the spirit of childhood, like ministerings from a better world."

satire

→ satirize

~ irony, mokery, sarcasm

ridicule intended to expose truth

eccentric

~ bizzare, peculiar

considered by other people to be strange or unusual

• eccentric behaviour/clothes

meager ~ paltry

too small in quantity and/or poor in quality to be considered as important or useful

• She supplements her meagre income by cleaning at night

facetious

trying to appear funny and clever at a time when other people do not think it is appropriate, and when it would be better to be serious

~ flippant

• a facetious comment/remark

• Stop being facetious; this is serious

• You can’t afford to be flippant about such matters

egregious

extremely bad

• egregious behaviour

• an egregious error

compromised predicament

tiến thoái lưỡng nan

dissipate

(1) to gradually become or make something become weaker until it disappears

• Eventually, his anger dissipated

(2) ~ squander

propitious for sb/st

~ auspicious ~ felicitious

>< inauspic ious

likely to produce a successful result

• It was not a propitious time to start a new business

qualm ~ reservation (2) ~ misgiving

a feeling of doubt about a plan or an ideasynonym misgiving

• I have serious reservations about his ability to do the job.

• without reservation They support the measures without reservation (= completely)

thwart ~ frustrate

to prevent somebody from doing what they want to do

• thwart something to thwart somebody’s plans

• His ambition to be a painter was thwarted by poor eyesight.

• be thwarted in something She was thwarted in her attempt to take control of the party.

meek ~ compliant, self-effacing

quiet, gentle, and always ready to do what other people want without expressing your own opinion

• They called her Miss Mouse because she was so meek and mild

in/upon a pinch

when necessary / in a difficult situation / if the moment really calls for it

• Israel—who, however brave-hearted, and even much of a dare-devil upon a pinch, seems nevertheless to have evinced, throughout many parts of his career, a singular patience and mildness—was obliged to look round for other means of livelihood than clearing out a farm for himself in the wilderness

untenable

→ tenable

(of a theory, position, etc.) that cannot be defended against attack or criticism

• the singular nature of impact ejection makes it untenable as an account of multiple loss episodes of similar duration over several years

• He found no one to support his largely untenable views

• a tenable position

• The old idea that this work was not suitable for women was no longer tenable

despise

look down on, scorn

forsake

abandon/renounce

extemporaneous

impromptu

abate

~ dwindle

​to become less intense or severe; to make something less intense or severe

• The storm showed no signs of abating

contrivance

plan, fabrication

something that somebody has done or written that does not seem natural; the fact of seeming artificial

• The film is spoilt by unrealistic contrivances of plot

reprisal ~ retaliation

a violent or aggressive act towards somebody because of something bad that they have done towards you

• They did not want to give evidence for fear of reprisals

pretext

~ excuse

He left the party early on the pretext of having work to do

unwarranted

unjustified, unreasonable

transpire

to happen, occur, or take place, and it also means to be revealed or become known

• This story, it later transpired, was untrue

egregious

bad, severe

supersede

supplant st old

protracted

prolonged

obviate (the need for)

~ preclude

lambaste

~ scold, reprimand

criticize sb in public

peremptory

authoritative, arbitrary

recursive

(repeated) process

visceral

innate, intuitive, ingrained, instinctive

sobering

serious