Development

Development

Involves the formation of sex cells, zygote formation, and subsequent stages in one's life span.

Haploid Condition

A cell with only half the chromosome number or one set of chromosomes.

Diploid Condition

A cell with the full chromosome number or two sets of chromosomes.

Totipotent Cell

Capable of differentiating into any kind of cell.

Gametogenesis

Stage yielding haploid gametes.

Fertilization

Results in a unicellular diploid zygote.

Cleavage

Series of mitotic divisions producing a multicellular blastula.

Gastrulation

Morphogenetic movements producing a gastrula with germ cell layers.

Organogenesis

Differentiation of germ layers into organ systems.

Growth

Characterized by an increase in individual size.

Monozygotic Twins

Result from a single zygote splitting during cleavage.

Dizygotic Twins

Result from separate fertilization events developing almost simultaneously.

Testis

Where Sperms are produced.

Epididymis

Where sperms are temporarily stored.

Scrotal Sac

Supports the testis and epididymis.

Urethra

Serves as a passageway of both sperm and urine.

Seminal Vesicle

Secretes fluid that forms part of the semen.

Prostate Gland

Secretes fluid that provides alkalinity to the semen.

Bulbourethral Glands

Produce clear, viscous secretion known as pre-ejaculate.

Clitoris

The homologue of the penis in females.

Vagina

Main entrance to the female reproductive tract.

Cervix

Where the vagina ends.

Uterus

Where the embryo develops.

Endometrium

Innermost lining of the uterus where the embryo implants and develops.

Fallopian Tubes

Where fertilization takes place.

Ovaries

Female gonads that release the oocytes during ovulation.

Morula

A human blastula made up of a solid ball of cells.

Blastocyst

Human blastula composed of the inner cell mass.

Implantation

Process where the blastocyst implants itself in the endometrium.

Gestation

Carrying of the embryo inside the female reproductive tract.

Human Embryo

Corresponds to the first two months of gestation

Human Fetus

Corresponds to the months 3-9 of human gestation

Menstrual Cycle

Ovarian and Uterine Cycles.

Follicular Phase

Secretions of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the leutinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary gland

Ovulation

is the release of eggs fromthe ovaries

Luteal Phase.

Part of the menstrual cycle of the ovary after the oocyte sare released from the follicles

Menstrual Phase

Part of the menstrual cycle of the uterus; also known as the “period”

Proliferative Phase

Corresponds to the latter partof the follicular phase of theovaries (days 8-14)

Secretory Phase

The endometrium undergoes final changes before it receives the embryo during implantation

Oral Contraceptives

Type of contraception taken by women to prevent ovulation.

Condom

Type of barrier method that is inserted on the malepenis to prevent release of sperm

Diaphragm

Type of barrier method that blocks the cervix

Cervical Cap

blocks passage of the sperm into the uterus

Spermicidal jelly or foam

Type of barrier method that kills sperm on contact.

Surgical methods

Special type of contraception preventing fertilization.

Vasectomy

Type of surgical method for men.

Tubal Ligation

Type of surgical method for women.

Implantation-suppressing methods

Contraception preventing blastocyst implantation in the endometrium.

Intra-uterine devise (IUD)

Physically blocks blastocyst from implanting.

Morning-after pill

Implantation-suppressing method.

Coitus interruptus

Contraception requiring the man to withdraw before ejaculation.

Abstinence

Contraception where no sexual intercourse occurs.

Abortion

Contraception involving the deliberate removal of the embryo/fetus before

Barrier Methods

Contraception methods preventing fertilization.

Surgical Methods

Contraception methods involving surgery.

Implantation-Suppressing Methods

Contraception preventing blastocyst implantation in the endometrium.