HSC 214 exit quiz 9

Psoas major

Proximal attachment: Vertebrae (T12-L5)

Distal attachment: Lesser trochanter of femur

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Helpful hint- this is referred to by butchers as the tenderloin cut of meat.

Action: Flexor of the thigh at the hip.

Iliacus

Proximal attachment: Iliac fossae

Distal attachment: Lesser trochanter of femur

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Psoas major and this muscle have the same femoral attachment, sometimes referred to as iliopsoas muscle.

Action: Flexor of the thigh at the hip

Sartorius

Proximal attachment: Anterior superior iliac spine

Distal attachment: Tibial tuberosity

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Secondary action- flexes at the knee. Helpful hint- a long thin muscle crossing the femur, important in assuming a cross leg position or playing hackey sack.

Action: Flexor of the thigh at the hip

Rectus femoris

Proximal attachment: Anterior superior iliac spine

Distal attachment: Quadriceps tendon to the patella; than the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Bipennate (feathered) muscle fasciculi that is superficial to vastus intermedius.

Action: Flexor of the thigh at the hip and extensor of the leg at the knee

Gluteus maximus

Proximal attachment: Iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx

Distal attachment: IT band and femur

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Largest of gluteal muscles, also laterally rotates the thigh. Helpful hint- the hamstring muscles, (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris) aid in the extension of the thigh.

Action: Extensor of the thigh at the hip.

Gracilis

Proximal attachment: Pubis

Distal attachment: Tibia

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Great" of GMLBP. Helpful hint- most medial of the adductors. The weakest member of the adductor group because its fascicle are vertical instead of at an angle. Primary action is flexion of the hip.

Action: Adductor of the thigh at the hip. Flexion of the hip.

Adductor magnus

Proximal attachment: Pubis and ischial tuberosity

Distal attachment: Femur

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Major" of GMLBP. Helpful hint- largest and thicket of the hip adductors

Action: Adductor of the thigh at the hip

Adductor longus

Proximal attachment: Pubis near pubic symphysis

Distal attachment: Femur

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "League" of GMLBP. Helpful hint- longest adductor

Action: Adductor of the thigh at the hip

Adductor brevis

Proximal attachment: Pubis

Distal attachment: Femur

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Baseball" of GMLBP. Helpful hint- deep to the adductor longus and pectineus

Action: Adductor of the thigh at the hip.

Pectineus

Proximal attachment: Pubis

Distal attachment: Femur

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Players" of GMLBP

Action: Adductor of the thigh at the hip

Gluteus medius

Proximal attachment: Iliac crest

Distal attachment: Femur (greater trochanter)

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Site for intramuscular gluteal injections

Action: Abductor and medial rotator of the thigh at the hip

Gluteus minimus

Proximal attachment: Ilium

Distal attachment: Femur (greater trochanter)

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Helpful hint- deepest gluteal muscle attached directly to the ilium bone

Action: Abductor and medial rotator of the thigh at the hip

Tensor fascia latae (TFL)

Proximal attachment: Ilium (crest and anterior superior iliac spine)

Distal attachment: Iliotibial band

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Muscle fibers of the TFL m. are close to ASIS and then its connective tissue merges into the IT ban that runs below the knee to the shin (Tibia)

Action: Abductor and medial rotator of the thigh at the hip

Iliotibial band (connective tissue)

Proximal attachment: N/A

Distal attachment: N/A

Comments, Applications and Relationships: The iliotibial tract or iliotibial band (IT band) is an aponeurosis of the TFL and gluteus maximus fascia. It extends from the iliac crest to the lateral condyle of the tibia

Action: Abductor and medial rotator of the thigh at the hip

Piriformis

Proximal attachment: Sacrum

Distal attachment: Femur (greater trochanter)

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Please" of PSOIQ acronym. Helpful hint- upside down triangular shaper (pyramid shape). It is easily identified since typically the sciatic nerve runs directly inferior. THis relationship is related to piriformis syndrome

Action: Lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip

Superior gemellus

Proximal attachment: Ischial spine and tuberosity

Distal attachment: Tendon of obturator internus

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Stop" of PSOIQ acronym. Helpful hint- gemellus means little twin, superior and inferior.

Action: Lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip.

Obturator internus

Proximal attachment: Obturator foramen

Distal attachment: Femur (greater trochanter)

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Or" of PSOIQ acronym.

Action: Lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip

Inferior gemellus

Proximal attachment: Ischial tuberosity

Distal attachment: Obturator internus tendon

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "I'll" of PSOIQ acronym.

Action: Lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip

Quadratus femoris

Proximal attachment: Ischial tuberosity

Distal attachment: Femur

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Quit" of PSOIQ acronym. Helpful hint- small rectangular shaped muscle

Action: Lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip

Vastus lateralis

Proximal attachment: Femur (greater trochanter)

Distal attachment: Quadriceps tendon to patella to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Helpful hint- lateral muscle of the quadriceps femoris

Action: Extensor of the leg at the knee

Vastus medialis

Proximal attachment: Femur (linea aspera)

Distal attachment: Quadriceps tendon to patella to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Helpful hint- medial muscle of the quadriceps femoris

Action: Extensor of the leg at the knee

Vastus intermedius

Proximal attachment: Femur

Distal attachment: Quadriceps tendon to the patella to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Helpful. hint- deepest muscle of the quadriceps femoris

Action: Extensor of the leg at the knee

Biceps femoris

Proximal attachment: (long head) ischial tuberosity, (short head) femur (linea aspera)

Distal attachment: Head of the fibula

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Boys" of BTM acronym. Helpful hint- can be identified by the muscle splitting into 2 distinct (bipennate) heads, long and short.

Action: Flexor of the leg at the knee

Semitendinosus

Proximal attachment: Ischial tuberosity

Distal attachment: Tibia

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "To" of BTM acronym. Helpful hint- can be identified by the long distal tendon and is the middle muscle of the 3 hamstrings.

Action: Flexor of the leg at the knee

Semimembranosus

Proximal attachment: Ischial tuberosity

Distal attachment: Tibia

Comments, Applications and Relationships: "Men" of BTM acronym. Helpful hint- can be identified by the increased amount of white shiny membrane on its surface.

Action: Flexor of the leg at the knee

Popliteus

Proximal attachment: Femur (lateral condyle)

Distal attachment: Tibia

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Located posterior to the knee weakly flexes the leg and unlocks the knee

Action: Flexor of the leg at the knee

TIbialis anterior

Proximal attachment: Tibia (lateral condyle)

Distal attachment: Metatarsal 1 and cuneiform

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Inverts foot, implicated in shin splints.

Action: Dorsiflexor of the foot at the ankle

Extensor hallucis longus

Proximal attachment: Fibula (anterior surface)

Distal attachment: Distal phalanx of the great toe

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Dorsiflexes both the ankle and extends the great toe. Helpful hint- great toe refers to the big toe.

Action: Dorsiflexor of the foot at the ankle and extensor of the toes.

Extensor digitorum longus

Proximal attachment: Proximal tibia and fibula

Distal attachment: Distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Most lateral muscle of anterior aspect of the leg, dorsiflexes ankle and extends toes 2-5

Action: Dorsiflexor of the foot at the ankle and extensor of the toes

Gastrocnemius

Proximal attachment: Femur (lateral and medial condyles)

Distal attachment: Calcaneus via calcaneal (achilles) tendon

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Both heads of this muscle and soleus muscle are referred to collectively as the triceps surae. This M. proximal heads cross the knee joint, therfore will weakly flex the leg at the knee.

Action: Plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle

Soleus

Proximal attachment: Tibia and fibula

Distal attachment: Calcaneus via calcaneal (achilles) tendon

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Helpful hint- deep to the gastrocnemius muscle

Action: Plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle.

Plantaris

Proximal attachment: Femur

Distal attachment: Calcaneus via calcaneal (achilles) tendon

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Helpful hint- muscle with a small belly and long tendon running between gastrocnemius and soleus, planted between the two.

Action: Plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle, flexes knee.

Tibialis posterior

Proximal attachment: Tibia and fibula

Distal attachment: Metatarsals 2-5, navicular, cuboid, and all cuneiforms

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Middle m. in the deep posterior compartment of the leg

Action: Plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle, inverts ankle.

Fibularis longus

Proximal attachment: Tibia and fibula

Distal attachment: Metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Tendon hooks around the posterior aspect of the lateral malleolus

Action: Plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle, everts ankle.

Fibularis brevis

Proximal attachment: Fibula

Distal attachment: Metatarsal 5

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Located deep to the tendon of the fibularis longus

Action: Plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle, everts ankle.

Flexor digitorum longus

Proximal attachment: Tibia

Distal attachment: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Medial muscle in the deep, posterior compartment of the leg.

Action: Flexor of the toes (digits 2-5), plantarflexes ankle

Flexor hallucis longus

Proximal attachment: Fibula

Distal attachment: Distal phalanx of digit 1

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Feather-like lateral muscle in the deep, posterior compartment of the leg.

Action: Flexor of the toes (digit 1), plantarflexes ankle

Flexor digitorum brevis

Proximal attachment: Calcaneus

Distal attachment: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Deep to the plantar aponeurosis

Action: Flexor of the toes (digits 2-5)

Plantar aponeurosis (connective tissue)

Proximal attachment: Extends between phalanges of the foot and calcanus

Distal attachment:

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Thick connective tissue formed from deep fascia of the foot. Helpful hint- directly overlies the flexor digitorum brevis muscle. inflammation of this m. is called plantar fasciitis.

Action: Flexor of the toes.

Abductor hallicis

Proximal attachment: Calcaneus

Distal attachment: Proximal phalanx of digit 1

Comments, Applications and Relationships:

Action: Abducts digit 1

Abductor digiti minimi

Proximal attachment: Calcaneus

Distal attachment: Proximal phalanx of digit 5

Comments, Applications and Relationships:

Action: Abducts digit 5

Quadratus plantae

Proximal attachment: Calcaneus

Distal attachment: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Comments, Applications and Relationships: Attaches to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus

Action: Flexes digits 2-5