A-Z NAVLE Study Guide - Page 56 Key Terms (Video)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Page 56 of the NAVLE study notes, focusing on thiaminase, avian diseases, equine myopathies, portosystemic shunts and hepatic encephalopathy, diagnostic tests, treatments, and related management.

Thiaminase (vitamin B1)

An enzyme that destroys thiamine, produced by certain gram-positive rumen overgrowth, bracken fern, or moldy feed; causes thiamine deficiency with brain energy failure and neurological signs; treatment is repeated thiamine (B1) supplementation.

Budgerigar Fledgling Disease Virus (Polyomavirus)

DNA virus causing high mortality in young budgerigars; dead birds in nest boxes, survivors may have abnormal molt and flight; in parrots signs vary; no specific treatment; screen outdoor enclosures.

Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM)

Myopathy in Quarter Horses and draft breeds; females affected more; signs include exercise intolerance, muscle fasciculations, dimpling, and atrophy; diagnosed by muscle biopsy showing glycogen and abnormal polysaccharide; prevention with regular exercise and a high-fat, low-grain diet.

Portosystemic Shunt

Blood vessels diverting blood from the liver to the systemic circulation (congenital or acquired); single intrahepatic or extrahepatic shunts common in different breeds; predisposed in small dogs? (note mentions Yorkies); leads to hepatic encephalopathy; diagnosis via bile acids and uric acid tests and imaging (arteriography or ultrasound); treated with surgical correction when possible.

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Neuropsychiatric syndrome due to liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting; signs include confusion, lethargy, and impaired consciousness; may worsen after meals; managed through dietary changes and medical therapy.

Bile Acids Test (Pre- and Post-prandial)

Diagnostic test for portosystemic shunt; elevated bile acids pre- and post-meal support shunt; uric acid can aid diagnosis; imaging (ultrasound, arteriography) used for localization.

Potassium Replacement Rate

Maximum recommended IV potassium administration rate is 0.5 mEq/kg/hr; higher rates risk cardiotoxicity; potassium shifts intracellularly with insulin, dextrose, or bicarbonate.

Potomac Horse Fever (Ehrlichia risticii)

Equine ehrlichial colitis; signs include depression, anorexia, fever, mucous membrane injection, ileus, diarrhea, colic, and laminitis; transient leukopenia; diagnosis via IFA/ELISA or organism isolation; treated with tetracycline.

Poxvirus (Birds)

DNA virus of birds; transmitted by mosquitoes or fomites; dry form causes cutaneous tumors on face/head; wet form causes oral ulcers; host-specific; no targeted treatment; provide nursing care and screen outdoor enclosures.

Praziquantel (Droncit, Drontal)

Anthelmintic effective against tapeworms (cestodes); used for cestode infections; see Anthelmintics.

Pregnancy Ketosis

Ketosis around calving in dairy cattle (and some sheep); cows may be thin or obese with inadequate energy intake; signs include CNS symptoms, recumbency, hypoglycemia, ketonemia/ketonuria, inappetence, lethargy, weight loss, reduced milk; treatment includes glucocorticoids, propylene glycol, grain, and IV glucose (10–20%).

Lactulose

Osmotic laxative used to treat hepatic encephalopathy by reducing intestinal ammonia production and absorption.

Neomycin (Oral)

Oral antibiotic used as part of hepatic encephalopathy management to reduce colonic ammonia production.

Cranial Mesenteric Arteriography

Imaging technique to visualize the cranial mesenteric arteries for localization of portal-systemic shunts.

Splenoportography

Imaging modality to visualize the portal venous system via the splenic route to identify shunts.

Ultrasound (Hepatic/Portal Imaging)

Non-invasive imaging used to evaluate liver structure and portal/hepatic vasculature for shunts or encephalopathy workup.