Chemistry Review

What system does inch,foot,mile belong to?

english

What system does meter,gram,liter belong to?

metric

What system does ounce,pound,ton belong to?

english

What system does pint,gallon,quart belong to?

english

how do you change larger units to smaller units

multiply

how do you change smaller units to larger units

divide

what prefix in 10^6

mega

what prefix in 10³

kilo

what prefix in 10²

hecto

what prefix in 10^1

deka

what prefix in 10^-1

deci

what prefix in 10^-2

centi

what prefix in 10^-3

milli

what prefix in 10^-6

micro

what prefix in 10^-9

nano

what size objects are measured using milligram

very small

what size objects are measures using kilogram

very large

what size objects are measures using milliliter

small

what size objects are measured using kiloliter

large

what is the relationship between density, mass, and volume?

D=m/v

V=m/d

M=dxv

what units can be used when density is calculated?

g/mL

g/cm

g/cc

when converting unitys which way do you move the decimal when calculating bigger units

left

when converting unitys which way do you move the decimal when calculating smaller units

right

what are some base level units when converting units

grams and liters

what are the rules for significant figures

1. all non 0 #’s are significant

2. all #’s between the 1st significant # and the last are significant

3. digits in the coefficient of a # in scientific notation are significant

4. all #’s after the 1st non0 # are significant (decimal point only)

How many significant figures? 1.0082

5

How many significant figures? 0.0056

2

How many significant figures? 1.6 ×10^-2

2

How many significant figures? 297.00

5

How many significant figures? 0.02300

4

How many significant figures? 12045

5

How many significant figures? 2020

3

How many significant figures? 2020.0

5

How many significant figures? 1.00670

6

write this number in scientific notation: 7.3 × 10³

7300

write this number in scientific notation: 7.3 × 10^-1

0.73

write this number in scientific notation: 7.3 × 10^-3

0.0073

write this number in scientific notation: 7.3 × 10^0

7.3

what are the rules for significant figures in multiplication and division

answer has the same amount of sig figs as the number with the least amount of sig figs

how many sig figs will be in the answer: 127 × 0.05 =

1 ans:6

what are the rules for significant figures in addition and subtraction

answer has the same number of decimal places as the number with the least decimal places

how many sig figs will be in the answer: 24.3 + 10.08 =

3 ans: 34.4

how many sig figs will be in the answer: (35.3 + 19) / 0.500 - 24.9 =

2 ans: 84

what is accuracy

how close we are to a value

what is percicsion

can we repeat results multiple times and get the same result

when converting between english and metric systems, what do we use have to use for the answer?

significant figures

describe the set up for converting units

begining unit x final unit/begining unity = final unit

what charge do neutrons have

no charge or neutral charge

what charge do electrons have

-

what charge do protons

+

what is a cation

positive ion that looses one or more electrons

protons > electrons

what is an anion

a negative ion that gains one or more electrons

electrons > protons

where are protons and neutrons found

in the nucleus

where are electrons found

orbiting the nucleus

what is the atomic mass of protons

1

what is the atomic mass of electrons

0

what is the atomic mass of neutrons

1

what does the atomic number tell us

number of protons

what does the number of electrons tell us

number of protons

what creates a neutral atom

protons = electrons

what does the atomic mass number tell us

number of protons + number of neutrons

what is the format of elements

a z x

z = atomic num

a = atomic mass

x = chemical symbol

what is the symbol for wavelength

what is wavelength

distance btw 1 peak and the next (in nm or m)

what is amplitude

relates to brightness High=brighter Low=dimmer

half the distance from the max height of the wave

what is the symbol for frequency

what is frequency

number of wave cycles pasing a point /sec

whta is the relationship between wavelength and frequency

high wavelength = low frequency

low frequency = high wavelength

what is the speed of light

the speed that all waves travel at in a vacuum

c = 3.00 × 10^8 m/s

speed of light formula is

speed = frequency x wavelength

what is radiation

heat transfer by emission of electromagnetic waves

occurs without the transfer of heat

how does net energy flow

hot to cold

what type of waves can humans not see

low temp radiated waves

<500K

Planck’s Quantum Theory

light energy is emitted in discrete packets = not continuous

formula for plancks quantum theory

plancks constant is

h = 6.626 × 10^-34 js

what is the photoelectric effect

shows light is quantized containing tiny lumps (protons)

the emission of electrons from a material's surface when light shines on it

line spectra is when

excited atoms emit light as a specific patter on colored lines depending on the element

bohr model

energy levels drawn out

what is the letter for repesenting energy levels

n = ?

what type of particle can not loose energy

electrons

in a bohr model what does the lower orbit do

release a photon

when an electron absorbs (excited) light the electron…

jumps to a higher level

when an electron emitts (relaxes) light the electron…

drops to a lower level (ground state)

De broglie is

moving objects have a specific wavelength linked to them

larger objects = small wavelength

de broglie forumla

wavelength = planck’s constant / (particle mass)(velocity)

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is

you cannot simultaneously know both the exact position and the exect momentum of a subatomic particle at the same time

formula for uncertainty principle

(uncertainty in momentum)(uncertainty of position) >/ Planck’s constant/4pi

what is an isotope tell you

number of neutrons present in a necleus

what properties does alpha particles have

2 protons + 2neutrons

changes parent isotope to daughter

what is the symbol for alpha

what properties does beta particles have

charges particles emitted from necleus

can be pos or neg

what is the symbol for beta

what properties does gamma particles have

high energy photons (waves)

does not change protons neutrons or electrons

what is the symbol for gamma

what is alpha decay

atomic mass decreases by 4 (2 protons + 2 neutrons)

atomic number decreases by 2 (2 protons)

what is beta emission

atomic mass stays the same

Beta plus

proton turns into a neutron

atomic number decreases by 1

Beta minus

neutron turns into proton

atomic number increases by 1

what is a negatron

neutron becomes a proton

happens in beta decay

what is a positron

a proton becomes a neutron

happens in beta emission

what is an element

1 type of atom

unique properties

an atom is always considered an element

can be molecules