Nature, Nurture, & Human Diversity

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and definitions from the lecture on Nature, Nurture, & Human Diversity.

Nature vs. Nurture

The debate about the relative contributions of genetic inheritance (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) to human development.

Bio-determinism

The belief that biological factors determine human behavior and characteristics.

Genome

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up chromosomes.

Behavior genetics

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

Monozygotic Twins

Identical twins that develop from a single fertilized egg.

Dizygotic Twins

Fraternal twins that develop from two different eggs.

Heritability

The proportion of variation among individuals that can be attributed to genes.

Epigenetics

The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.

Natural selection

The principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce are more likely to be passed on to succeeding generations.

Cultural diversity

The variety of cultural identities that exist within a society and affect behaviors, values, and beliefs.

Individualist cultures

Cultures that value independence and self-expression, promoting personal achievements.

Collectivist cultures

Cultures that emphasize group goals and responsibilities over individual achievements.

Gender role

The set of expected behaviors and norms for males or females in a society.

Androgyny

The combination of masculine and feminine characteristics in an individual.

Transgender

A person whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex.

Temperament

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

Relational aggression

An act of aggression intended to harm someone's social standing or relationships.

Social learning theory

The theory that social behavior is learned by observing and imitating others, along with rewards and punishments.

Adaptive flexibility

The ability of an organism to adjust its behaviors in response to changes in the environment.

Intersex

A condition in which an individual possesses biological characteristics of both male and female sexes.