Final Exam Study Guide
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110 Terms
What is the Ampulla of Vater?
The point where the pancreatic duct and common bile duct empty into the duodenum
3 multiple choice options
What does CBD stand for in the context of the biliary tract?
Common Bile Duct
3 multiple choice options
The Common Hepatic Duct (CHD) is formed by the union of which two ducts?
Right and Left Hepatic Ducts
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of the Cystic Duct?
It connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct
3 multiple choice options
The Hepatic Artery primarily supplies blood to which organ?
Liver
3 multiple choice options
The Hepatic Artery primarily supplies blood to which organ?
Draining bile from the left lobe of the liver
3 multiple choice options
What does MLF stand for in the context of the biliary system?
Main Lobar Fissure
3 multiple choice options
The Main Pancreatic Duct drains into which structure?
Duodenum (via the Ampulla of Vater)
3 multiple choice options
What condition is associated with the dilation of the Common Bile Duct (CBD)?
Choledocholithiasis
3 multiple choice options
The Right Hepatic Duct drains bile from which part of the liver?
Right lobe
3 multiple choice options
What is the Portal Triad composed of?
Hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct
3 multiple choice options
Where does the Common Bile Duct (CBD) typically empty its contents?
Duodenum
3 multiple choice options
The Cystic Duct joins which structure to form the Common Bile Duct?
Common Hepatic Duct
3 multiple choice options
What is the role of the Hepatic Artery in the biliary system?
It supplies oxygenated blood to the liver
3 multiple choice options
What is the Main Lobar Fissure (MLF)?
A landmark separating the left and right lobes of the liver
3 multiple choice options
The Ampulla of Vater is controlled by which muscle?
Sphincter of Oddi
Which structure is responsible for storing bile produced by the liver?
Gallbladder
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary function of the Portal Vein within the Portal Triad?
Transporting nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following ducts is NOT part of the biliary system?
Main Pancreatic Duct
3 multiple choice options
What anatomical region is the Porta Hepatis located in?
At the hilum of the liver
3 multiple choice options
Which structure is a major blood vessel that runs behind the pancreas and helps define its borders?
Superior mesenteric artery
3 multiple choice options
Which part of the pancreas is responsible for producing hormones like insulin?
Endocrine
3 multiple choice options
The portion of the pancreas that secretes digestive enzymes is known as:
Exocrine
3 multiple choice options
Which artery supplies blood to the stomach and pancreas?
Gastroduodenal artery
3 multiple choice options
The central part of the pancreas, located between the head and tail, is called the:
Pancreatic body
3 multiple choice options
Which section of the pancreas is located near the duodenum?
Pancreatic head
3 multiple choice options
The narrow section of the pancreas that connects the head to the body is known as the:
Pancreatic neck
3 multiple choice options
The farthest end of the pancreas, extending toward the spleen, is called the:
Pancreatic tail
3 multiple choice options
The small projection of the pancreas near the superior mesenteric artery is known as the:
Pancreatic uncinate process
3 multiple choice options
Which vessel is formed by the union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein?
Portal vein
3 multiple choice options
The junction where the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein meet is called the:
Portal splenic confluence
3 multiple choice options
What term describes the anatomical space behind the peritoneum where the pancreas is located?
Retroperitoneal
3 multiple choice options
Which duct is a smaller accessory duct in the pancreas?
Santorini's duct
3 multiple choice options
The main pancreatic duct, also known as the duct of Wirsung, drains into the:
Duodenum
3 multiple choice options
Which vein drains blood from the spleen and parts of the pancreas?
Splenic vein
3 multiple choice options
The artery that supplies blood to the small intestine and part of the pancreas is the:
Superior mesenteric artery
3 multiple choice options
Which vein drains blood from the small intestine and part of the pancreas?
Superior mesenteric vein
3 multiple choice options
The primary duct of the pancreas, also called the main pancreatic duct, is:
Wirsung's duct
3 multiple choice options
Which structure is NOT a part of the pancreatic anatomy listed in the keywords?
Hepatic artery
3 multiple choice options
Which keyword refers to a vessel that helps define the pancreatic borders?
Superior mesenteric vein
3 multiple choice options
What is the collecting system of the kidney?
A network of tubules that collect urine from the nephrons and transport it to the renal pelvis
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary function of the columns of Bertin?
To separate the medullary pyramids and contain blood vessels and nephrons
3 multiple choice options
What is the role of Gerota's fascia?
It surrounds and protects the kidney, anchoring it in place
3 multiple choice options
The major calyces are:
Large funnel-shaped structures that collect urine from minor calyces and drain into the renal pelvis
3 multiple choice options
What is the medullary pyramid?
A conical structure in the renal medulla where urine formation occurs
3 multiple choice options
The minor calyces are responsible for:
Collecting urine from the medullary pyramids and draining it into the major calyces
3 multiple choice options
Morison's pouch is:
A space between the liver and the right kidney where fluid can accumulate
3 multiple choice options
What is a nephron?
The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine
3 multiple choice options
The renal capsule is:
A tough, fibrous layer that directly covers the outer surface of the kidney
3 multiple choice options
The renal cortex is:
The outer layer of the kidney where filtration occurs in the nephrons
3 multiple choice options
What is the renal hilum?
The area where the renal artery, vein, and ureter enter and exit the kidney
3 multiple choice options
The renal parenchyma refers to:
The functional tissue of the kidney, including the cortex and medulla
3 multiple choice options
The renal pelvis is:
A funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the major calyces and channels it into the ureter
3 multiple choice options
What does the renal sinus contain?
The renal artery, vein, nerves, and renal pelvis
3 multiple choice options
The ureter is:
A tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following structures is directly involved in the filtration process within the kidney?
Nephron
3 multiple choice options
The renal cortex contains which of the following?
The glomeruli and proximal tubules of the nephrons
3 multiple choice options
Where are the medullary pyramids primarily located?
In the renal medulla
2 multiple choice options
The renal hilum is located on which side of the kidney?
The medial side
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following structures is part of the collecting system?
Major calyces
3 multiple choice options
What is the clinical significance of identifying an accessory spleen during a scan?
It may be mistaken for a mass or lesion
3 multiple choice options
Asplenia refers to:
The absence of a functional spleen
3 multiple choice options
What does an infarct in the spleen indicate?
A region of tissue death due to lack of blood supply
3 multiple choice options
If the spleen is described as intraperitoneal, what does this mean?
It is located within the peritoneal cavity
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary role of lymphatic tissue in the spleen?
To filter blood and support immune responses
3 multiple choice options
The portal vein is responsible for
Draining nutrient-rich blood from the gut to the liver
3 multiple choice options
What is the main function of the splenic artery?
To supply oxygenated blood to the spleen
3 multiple choice options
Where is the splenic hilum located?
At the point where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the spleen
3 multiple choice options
The splenic vein primarily:
Drains deoxygenated blood from the spleen to the portal vein
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a common cause of a splenic infarct?
Blockage of the splenic artery or vein
3 multiple choice options
An accessory spleen typically receives its blood supply from:
Branches of the splenic artery
3 multiple choice options
Asplenia can increase the risk of:
Severe infections due to impaired immune function
3 multiple choice options
The spleen's intraperitoneal location means it is:
Surrounded by the peritoneal membrane
3 multiple choice options
The splenic artery branches off from which major artery?
Celiac trunk
3 multiple choice options
The splenic vein eventually drains into:
The portal vein
3 multiple choice options
What does the keyword "Ascites" refer to in the context of an abdominal ultrasound?
The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
3 multiple choice options
What does "CPT code" stand for in the context of medical imaging?
Current Procedural Terminology
1 multiple choice option
In the context of abdominal ultrasounds, what does the keyword "Complete" indicate?
A full examination of all abdominal organs and structures
3 multiple choice options
What does the keyword "Limited" mean when referring to an abdominal ultrasound?
A focused ultrasound on a specific area, such as the RUQ
3 multiple choice options
Who is typically responsible for requesting an abdominal ultrasound, as indicated by the keyword "Ordering physician"?
The physician who requests the imaging study
3 multiple choice options
What does "RUQ" stand for in the context of a limited abdominal ultrasound?
Right Upper Quadrant
1 multiple choice option
Which of the following might be a reason to perform a limited ultrasound of the RUQ instead of a complete one?
To focus on the liver or gallbladder for a specific symptom
3 multiple choice options
Which keyword is directly associated with billing for an abdominal ultrasound?
CPT code
3 multiple choice options
If an ordering physician requests a limited ultrasound to check for ascites, which area might they focus on?
A specific quadrant, such as the RUQ
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following keywords best describes a full abdominal ultrasound study?
Complete
3 multiple choice options
What type of vessel is most likely to show a low-resistance waveform in a healthy individual?
Internal carotid artery
3 multiple choice options
A high-resistance waveform is most commonly observed in which of the following scenarios?
Renal artery in a patient with stenosis
3 multiple choice options
What is a typical Doppler finding in the hepatic vein in a patient with cirrhosis?
Monophasic flow
3 multiple choice options
What does the Doppler shift measure in an abdominal ultrasound?
change in frequency due to blood flow motion
3 multiple choice options
What happens if the Doppler gain is set too high during an ultrasound?
Noise artifacts may obscure the true flow signal
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary purpose of adjusting the color velocity scale in Doppler ultrasound?
To match the expected blood flow velocity in the vessel
3 multiple choice options
Why is angle correction important in Doppler ultrasound?
It ensures accurate measurement of blood flow velocity
3 multiple choice options
What does a decreased acceleration time in the hepatic artery suggest?
Hepatic artery stenosis
3 multiple choice options
How is the resistive index (RI) used in Doppler ultrasound?
To assess resistance to arterial blood flow
3 multiple choice options
What Doppler finding is most indicative of renal artery stenosis?
High-resistance waveform with increased velocity
3 multiple choice options
What is the portal vein typically assessed for in Doppler ultrasound?
Portal vein thrombosis
1 multiple choice option
How is portal vein thrombosis typically identified on Doppler ultrasound?
Absence of detectable flow in the portal vein
3 multiple choice options
What might cause a pulsatile vein to be observed in the inferior vena cava?
Right heart failure
1 multiple choice option
What is a key advantage of using power Doppler in abdominal ultrasound?
It detects flow without showing direction, improving sensitivity
3 multiple choice options
What Doppler finding is commonly associated with portal hypertension?
Reversed flow in the portal vein with collateral vessels
3 multiple choice options