Psych 360 Chapter 13

Developmental psychopathology

The study of disorders of childhood within the context of life-span development.

Internalizing disorders

Characterized by inward-focused experiences and behaviors such as depression, social withdrawal, and anxiety.

Externalizing disorders

Characterized by outward-directed behaviors such as aggressiveness, noncompliance, and impulsiveness.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning.

Predominantly inattentive presentation

A specifier of ADHD where inattention symptoms are more pronounced.

Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation

A specifier of ADHD where hyperactive and impulsive behaviors are more pronounced.

Comorbidity

The co-occurrence of ADHD with other disorders like conduct disorder and anxiety.

Conduct disorder

A pattern of repeated destructive behavior that negatively impacts others and the surrounding environment.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

A disorder characterized by a pattern of angry, irritable mood, argumentative behavior, and vindictiveness.

Emotional arousal in ADHD

Individuals with ADHD may show poor arousal and low fear response, which can affect behavior.

Cognitive distortions

Negative thinking patterns that may contribute to depression and anxiety in children.

Selective prevention programs

Programs that target youth based on specific risk factors to prevent depression.

Social anxiety disorder

Characterized by excessive fear of social situations that can affect performance and social skills.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder marked by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).

Social (pragmatic) communication disorder

A condition involving challenges in using verbal and nonverbal communication in social contexts.

Intellectual disability

Significant problems in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior beginning before age 18.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A social communication disorder with characteristic behaviors, such as repetitive patterns of behavior and difficulties in social interaction.

Theory of mind

The ability to understand that others have different beliefs, desires, and emotions.

Joint attention

The shared focus of two individuals on an object or event, crucial for social interactions.

Tourette's disorder

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor and one or more vocal tics.

Dyslexia

Impairment in reading that is part of specific learning disorders.

Dysgraphia

Impairment in written expression that is part of specific learning disorders.

Dyscalculia

Impairment in math skills that may be part of specific learning disorders.